The Qur'an, the main religious text of Islam, contains references to more than fifty people and events also found in the Bible. While the stories told in each book are generally comparable, important differences sometimes arise. Versions written in the Hebrew Bible and the Christian New Testament precede the archaeological version of the Qur'an. Thus, non-Muslims consider the Qur'anic version to be derived directly or indirectly from the previous material. Muslims understand the Koranic version to be a witness of the omnipotent God. Thus, Muslims generally argue that earlier versions were distorted through defective transmission and interpretation processes, and understood the version of the Qur'an to be more accurate with actual events.
Often, the related stories in the Qur'an tend to concentrate on the moral or spiritual significance of events rather than the details. Bible stories come from various sources and authors, so their attention to detail varies individually.
Video Biblical and Quranic narratives
Torah narration
Adam and Eve (Adam and Hawwaa)
According to one of Genesis's creation stories, God originally created the first man, a man named Adam, from the dust of the earth, and breathed life into his nostrils; after that God created a woman named Eve from one of Adam's ribs. God placed them in the heavenly Garden of Eden, telling them to eat the food there they wanted, except that from one tree, "the tree of good and evil knowledge," warned that if they ate from the tree, they would soon die. According to the story, a Snake (often believed to be Satan) tempted them to take the fruit of a tree, telling them that they would become like God Himself by doing so; both then eat it. Soon after, they become embarrassed and cover their nakedness with leaves. God questioned them about their actions, reminding them of His command not to eat the tree. He further placed hostility between women and snakes, and between humans and 'seducers', then forced Adam and Eve out of the garden, after which the two humans then inhabited the earth.
According to the narrative of the creation of Islam in the Koran, before creating Adam from the clay by saying the simple word "Be", God told the angels his divine plan to "create the caliph on earth". When they asked him, "Will you put the one who will harm and shed blood, while we, we sing your praises and consecrate you?" He said: "Surely I know what you do not know." After creating Adam, the Lord taught him the names of all things other than the Angels, which Adam re-correctly after the Angels could not obey when God asked them to do it from their own knowledge. God further commanded all angels to prostrate before Adam, to honor the new creation of God and to show obedience to God. All of them perform except Devils (later known as Shaitaan), are arrogant and refuse to follow because he thinks Adam is lower on him because he was created from clay, while Satan was created from fire. Shaitaan then swears to mislead humanity from "the straight path of God", and God responds to arrogance and disobedience by expelling him from the Garden.
Islam believes that God as a whole forgives Adam and Eve for their transgression when they seek His mercy; whereas in the story of the death of the Bible is a punishment for breaking God's command and permanent death on Adam, Eve and their offspring.
Among the many significant differences between stories are:
- In the Bible, God told the man to name the animals. In the Qur'an, God taught Adam the name "everything" and Adam repeated it.
- In the second biblical creation story, the woman was created from the man's rib. In the Qur'an, Eve is not mentioned by name, but declares that all human beings are "created from one and created from it, their partner". The details of Eve's creation are not mentioned in the Quran.
- In the Bible, the forbidden tree is called the Tree of Good Knowledge and Evil (3: 5), and while its fruit is often described as an apple, the Bible does not describe its fruit. In the Qur'an the forbidden tree is not named but Shaitaan calls it the Tree of Eternity tree to deceive Adam and his wife.
- In the Bible, God created man in His own image. In the Qur'an, God says: "The image of Jesus (Jesus in the Bible) is with God as the likeness of Adam, He created it from dust, and said to him and Be and him."
- In the Qur'an, God told the angels to bow before Adam (as a sign of respect and obedience), but the Devil (hereinafter referred to as Shaitaan) refused. In the Bible, no such account is given.
- According to the Bible, because of God's curse, the snake must crawl and eat the dust, the woman must suffer during childbirth, and the man must sweat to make a living. This apparently distinguishes the blessing and obedience of pain and sin. According to the Quran, no such curse is issued. The difficulty of living on earth is what makes it different from life in heaven.
(See also: Bible: Genesis: 2: 4,4: 1, and Al-Qur'an: Surah Al-Baqarah: 30-39, Surat Al-A'raf: 19-27, and Surah Ta-Ha: 115.
Cain and Abel (Q? b? l and H? b? l)
See Genesis 4: 1-16 and Al-Ma'ida Quran 5: 27-32.
According to the Bible, Adam and Eve had two sons: Cain, the eldest, and Abel, his brother. Each made a sacrifice to God, but God only accepted the sacrifice and sacrifice of Abel, and not Cain because Abel gave the best of his flock, showing that God came first in his heart. Cain, on the other hand, gives the sacrifice of the fruit of his land, which shows that he is more focused on making sacrifices than pleasing God. (Gen 4: 1-7; see Al-Ma'ida Quran 5: 30-32). Although God tried to protest with Cain about his attitude, Cain refused to listen and eventually killed his brother Abel (see Al-Ma'ida Quran 5:30, Gen. 4: 8). Cain was then called to be accountable by God, who cursed him for life wandering and vain, while promising to take revenge on anyone who tried to avenge his brother's blood on him. Abel, on the other hand is considered by the Bible as the righteous.
The Qur'an tells a slightly different version; as in the Bible, both offer sacrifices and Cain is rejected; Cain threatened Abel, who showed that killing him would put Cain among the companions of fire ; Killing Abel's Cloth, but regretting it. The Qur'an then gives a lesson: if somebody kills someone... it will be as if he killed all mankind: and if anyone saves his life, it will be as if he is saving lives of the whole human being.
Compare the last part with Talmud Yerushalmi (Mishnayot), Mishnah Sanhedrin Tractate 4: 5, and Folia 23a, and in Talmud Bavli Folia 37a.
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Therefore, human beings are created by themselves, to teach you that anyone who destroys one soul [Israel], the Bible records it as if he had destroyed the whole world; and whoever saves one Israelite soul, the Bible explains it as if he had saved the whole world. ()
Noah (??? N ??)
See Genesis 6: 5-9: 29 and especially Hud 11: 25-48 and Al-A'raf 7: 59-64, Jonah 10: 71-73, Al-Muminun 23: 23-28, Ash-Shu 'ara 26: 105-121, Al-Qamar 54: 9-16, and all Noah 71: 1-28
Noah is portrayed in the Bible as a godly man who lives among the "wicked". God decided to kill everyone through the great flood, while saving the godless Noah and his immediate family; so he commanded Noah to build an Ark, using God's own instructions. (Gen 6: 9-16, Hud 11:39) Noah did so and he, his family, seven pairs of birds and "clean" (hoofed) animals, and two of each other animal species (women and men) The Ark (Gen 6:19, Hud 11:42). Water spurted from the ground and rained down from the sky, flooding the earth and killing all the bad people. (Genesis 7: 11-12, Al-Qamar 54: 11-13). All the ship of the Ark is safe until the water retreats (Gen 8:14, Hud 11:44). There is disagreement among Jews, Christians and Muslims about whether the floods are local or global.
There are several differences between the biblical verse and the Quran from the story of Noah:
- The Qur'an focuses on the dialogue between Noah and the wicked (Hud 11: 32-37), in which Noah managed unsuccessfully to protest with his fellow countryman, who rejected his message. Genesis does not mention such a dialogue. (In the Christian Bible, 2 Peter 2: 5, Noah is called "the preacher of righteousness").)
- In the Qur'an, Noah's wife and one of his sons rejected him (Hud 11:43) and died in the flood while some outside his family were faithful and joined him (Hud 11:42). In the biblical narrative, the wife of Noah along with his three sons and their wives all went up to the Ark, but nothing else.
- In the Qur'an, there is no indication that the flood is universal:, although many Islamic scholars claim to interpret the opposite.
- In the Quran, the Ark is said to rest in the hills of Mount Gambling (Hud 11:44); In the Bible, it is said to rest in the mountains of Ararat (Gen 8: 4) Al-Djoudi (Judi) seems to be a mountain in the biblical Ararat mountains. The Qur'an quotes certain mountains in the Ararat Range, whereas the Bible only mentions the Ararat Range by name. There is Mount Al-Djoudi in the Ararat mountains currently in Turkey.
Promising a son
See Genesis 18: 1-15, 22: 1-20 and Hud 11: 69-74, Al-Hijr 15: 51-56, As-Saaffat 37: 102-109, and Adh-Dhariyat 51: 24-30. Several messengers came to Abraham on their way to destroy the people of Sodom and Gomorrah. Abraham welcomed them in his tent and fed them. They then promised their host that Isaac (? Is ?? q ?????) would soon be born to Abraham's wife, Sarah (S? Hura ????). Sarah laughed at the idea because she was too old to give birth to children. Hebrew name ???? means 'he laughs' and is one of the literary allusions in the biblical story. This literary connection is usually lost in versions of the Qur'an from biblical stories.
- Genesis 18:12 "When I grow old, will I be happy, my master grows old too?"
- Hud 11: 72Ã, (Yusuf Ali) .Ã, "He said:" Unfortunately for me! should I give birth to a child, see me an old lady, and my husband here is a parent? It will indeed be a great thing! ""
The angels rebuked him, saying that by God's will he could bear a son. The conversation happened later where Abraham admitted that he wished God had mercy on the Sodom and Gomorrah people.
Sacrificing his son
In another narrative, Abraham received the commandment (in his dream) from God to sacrifice his son. Abraham agrees with this and prepares for sacrifice. However, before he could do so, God told him to stop and give him a vicarious sacrifice. Abraham was later honored for his loyalty to God. (As-Saaffat 37: 102-108; Genesis 22: 2-18)
However, there are some differences between Bible records and the Qur'an:
- In Genesis, the child of the sacrifice is Isaac, whereas in the name of the Qur'an the son is not explicitly mentioned, but Muslims consider him Ismaeil (As-Saafat 37: 102-112). Therefore, Muslims consider the child of the victim Ishmael (Ism? 'L ???????) and that this event occurred before the birth of Isaac. It can be added that Abraham's name is a literary allusion in Genesis Ab- "father-of (-many-nation)" while the Arabic name obscures his relationship. In the New Testament, his son is Isaac (James 2:21).
- While God seems to speak directly to Abraham in Genesis, He speaks through visions in the Qur'an.
- In the Qur'an, Abraham directly informs his son (Again the name is not mentioned in the text considered Ishmael (Ism? l ???????)) that he intended to sacrifice himself. In Genesis, Abraham told Isaac, that "God will provide sacrifice."
The journey of Abraham in the Bible and the Quran
The Bible describes Abraham as in Iraq-Syria, then in Canaan, Paran and Egypt, with his last days in Canaan and Hebron. Both Isaac and Ishmael attended Abraham's funeral.
The Qur'an mentions that Abraham abandoned his wife and Ishmael (as a baby) in the land where Mecca is currently located, while he goes to a seemingly Palestinian place.
Lot and Sodom and Gomorrah (L ??? and "The People of Lot")
According to the Bible, after visiting Abraham, two angels went to the city of Sodom where Abraham Lot's niece was a stranger. They told him that God would soon destroy the city because of the wickedness of the people. The people in the town, after hearing that Lot entertained male visitors, gathered at his home and demanded that the men be taken out so they could have sex with them. Lot offers his daughter in their place, but people insist on raping the angels instead. After blinding the townspeople, the angels tell Lot and his family to escape at night and not to look back. The next morning, God destroyed Sodom and Gomorrah with a rain of flint from the sky. Lot's wife looks back to see the burning city and turns into a pillar of salt.
The story goes further after the destruction of the twin cities, with Lot leaving Zoar (where he fled for cover) with his two daughters to live in a cave. Fearing that everyone dies, the princesses decide that in order to 'keep the seed of their father' and to procreate, they must have sexual intercourse with her; they decided to make him drunk so he could 'lie down with him' and get his seed. So each of them slept with their father (each on a consecutive night), after healing him to a point where he could 'not feel', and so was impregnated by him. The Bible then goes on "And the firstborn is a naked boy, and called his name Moab: the same is the father of the Moab till the present day.And the younger one, he also bare a son, and called his name Ben-ammi: the same is the father of the sons of Ammon unto this day. " The biblical story of Lot ends here.
According to the Qur'an, Lot (or Lut, as he is mentioned in the Qur'an) is a Prophet. He is also a nephew of Abraham (Abraham). A group of angels visited Ibrahim as a guest and gave him the good news of a son "blessed with wisdom"; they told him that they had been sent by God to the "guilty men" of Sodom, to destroy them with "rain of clay stones" and liberate Lot and those who believed in him. However, Lot's wife is specifically excluded, with the angels saying "he is the people left behind". The Qur'an refers to Lot's wife as "an example to the unbelievers", for she marries a pious man but refuses to believe in her words; wherefore, he is cursed to Hell; if not, the story of those who leave the city goes as well as in the Bible. The story of Lot in the Qur'an ends after describing the destruction of the city.
There are some differences between the Quran and the Bible:
- In the Qur'an, Lot is described as a prophet, like his uncle Abraham. In Genesis (Genesis 19: 1-29), Lot is not described as a prophet. In the New Testament, (2 Peter 2: 7,8) Peter the Apostle portrays Lot as a pious man who is daily tormented by the lawless deeds he sees in Sodom.
- Both in the Bible and in the Qur'an, Abraham asks God to forgive (Quran 11: 75; Gen. 18: 24-33). In Genesis, God agrees to save Sodom if only ten godly men can be found there (but they are not found). In the Qur'an, God commanded Abraham not to ask for mercy on them. 11:76
- In Genesis, Lot's wife went with Lot but turned around for a while and God transformed her into a salt pole (Genesis 19:26). In the Qur'an, there is no mention of his departure; but Lot and his followers were commanded by the angels not to turn, but Lot was told that his wife would turn and look back (quran hud 11: 123), and thus be destroyed with the rest of the two cities. 11:81
- After the destruction of Sodom, the Bible describes the incestous event between Lot and his two daughters, on the orders of his daughter, in Genesis 19: 30-38. The Qur'an does not describe such events, and Muslims reject such events.
(See Also: Bible: Genesis 19: 1-26. The Holy Qur'an: Surat Al-Hijr 57-77, Surah Hud 74-83, Surat Al-A'raf 80-84, Surah Ash-Shu'ara 160-174 , An-Naml 54-58, Surat Al-Ankabut 28-35, Surah As-Saaffat 133-138, Surah Adh-Dhariyat 31-37, and Surah Al-Qamar 36-39.)
Joseph (Y? Suf ????)
Joseph's narration can be found in Genesis 37-45 and in the Qur'an 12.4-102.
Both in the Bible and the Koran, Joseph has the eleven vision and the sun and the moon all bow down to him that he shares with his family.
(Genesis 37: 9) And he dreamed another dream, and told it to his brethren, and said, Behold, I have dreamed much more: and, lo, the sun and the moon and the eleven stars prostrate to me.
(Yusuf | 12.4) Behold! Joseph said to his father: "O my father! I see eleven stars and the sun and the moon: I see them bowing down to me!"
Joseph's brothers became jealous because their father preferred Joseph over them, so they formed a plan to kill Joseph. However, one brother convinces them not to kill him but throws him into a well when they are alone. The brothers came to the father to ask his permission to take Joseph with them to enjoy and play with them. Jacob expressed his objection not to let him go with them and express fear of the beast that killed him when they were not careful with him. The sons reassured their father as a strong group against every threat to Joseph. The father finally agrees to send Joseph with them (in the Qur'an), while in the Bible, Jacob sends Joseph out of his own accord without the children trying to persuade him to let him go with them. (Yusuf | 12.8-10; Genesis 37: 20-22) They agree. They then lie to their father about Joseph's whereabouts, covering his clothes with blood and asserting that a wild animal has attacked him. The caravan passing through the well inspired the brothers to pull Joseph out of the well and sell him as a slave to the merchants in the caravan. Then the merchants sell it to a rich Egyptian. (Genesis 37: 27-36; Joseph | 12,20-22)
Joseph grew up in the house of the Egyptians. When Joseph was an adult man, his master's wife tried to seduce him. Joseph refused and fled, but was arrested by another clerk and reported to his master. The wife lies to her husband, saying that Joseph tried to rape her. (Joseph 12:25; Gen. 39:12); At this point the two stories are different.
In the Bible, Joseph's teacher (named Potiphar) refuses to believe in Joseph's denial and imprison him. In the Qur'an, Yusuf's teacher (who was only identified as "Vizir") received advice from other wise men to check Joseph's tunic. If torn from the front, said the wise man, it would prove Joseph is a liar; but if torn from the back (proved to be the case), Joseph would be justified and his master's wife proved to be a liar and an adulterer. The Wazir rebuked his wife, and allowed Joseph to remain in his household. However, during the next dinner party thrown by the Wazir's wife to prove his lust for Joseph, Joseph was ordered to appear before his wife and girlfriend; they cut off their hands with a knife of lust for him, and though the Vizier again confessed that Joseph was innocent, he still ordered that he be imprisoned. In prison, Joseph meets two men. Someone dreamed of making wine and other dreams carrying a pile of bread that birds eat. Joseph tells the first that he will serve the Pharaoh again and the second one will be executed. Both things happen, just as Joseph had predicted. Although Joseph asked the first person to bring his unjust name and imprisonment to Pharaoh's attention (which is mentioned in the Qur'an as the only King, not Pharaoh), the first person quickly forgot it after being returned to the king's heart.
Some time later, Pharaohs dreamed:
(Genesis 41: 17-24) "17.Then Pharaoh said to Joseph," In my dream I stood on the banks of the Nile, 18. when it came out of the river, came seven cows, fat and slippery, and they grazed among the grass- alang. 19.Once of them, the other seven cows appear - skinny and very ugly and skinny. I have never seen such ugly cows all over Egypt. 20. Thin and ugly cows eat seven fat cows that come first. 21.But even after they eat it, no one can say that they have done it; they look as ugly as before. Then I wake up. "22." In my dream, I also saw seven grains of wheat, full and good, growing on one stalk. 23.After them, the other seven heads grew and wound and were scorched by the east wind. 24. The thin heads of the grains swallow the seven good heads. I say this to the magicians, but no one can explain it to me. "
(The Qur'an: Joseph 12.43) The King (of Egypt) said: "I saw (in a vision) seven kine fat, which seven goblets devoured devour, and seven green corn, and seven (others) withered, head! Explain to me my vision if it is that you can interpret the vision. "
Pharaoh's cup bearer, who was previously jailed with Joseph, suddenly remembered his promise and told Pharaoh about the man who foretold his own restorations to favor. Pharaoh was sent to jail, asking Joseph to interpret his dream.
In the Qur'anic record, Joseph asserts that the Wazir's wife justified him before the king before Joseph would agree to do so (this is not mentioned in the Bible); Pharaoh summoned the Wazir's wife, who admitted his lies about Joseph and expressed his innocence. The Qur'an now rejoins the biblical narrative, where Joseph expresses the king's dream meaning: Egypt will have seven years of good harvest followed by seven years of famine and hunger will be worse than abundance. The king presented Joseph with power over the shop house and all the land of Egypt.
During the famine, Joseph's brothers came to Egypt to buy food, but the youngest was left with their father. While Joseph recognized them, they did not recognize him. He demanded that they return with the missing brother. The brothers go home and find that Joseph is hiding in their package more than they pay. They asked their father if they would return with the youngest brother. Reluctantly, their father allowed this. They returned, and after a few more incidents, Joseph finally revealed himself to his brothers. (Genesis 45: 1, Joseph | 12.90).
Well in the Quran and the Bible, the lost brother is Benjamin, (Arab: ?????????????????????????????? ????????????? The other is a step brother.
The Qur'an correctly does not refer to the Egyptian king during the time of Joseph as "Pharaoh." The titular word "Pharaoh" was given to the kings of Egypt during the period of the New Kingdom then historically. This difference is not found in the Bible.
Musa (M? s? ????)
In the Bible, the narrative of Moses is in Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy. The narrations here are largely in Exodus 1-14 and 32. In the Qur'an, the narrative of Moses is in the following passages: 2.49-61, 7.103-160, 10.75-93, 17.101-104, 20.9-97 , 26.10-66, 27.7-14, 28.3-46, 40.23-30, 43.46-55, 44.17-31, and 79.15-25.
Pharaoh killed the young sons of Israel (II: 46), and to avoid this fate, Moses' mother threw Moses as a baby into a small ark, where God protected him. Moses was discovered by the Pharaohs, who adopted him. Moses' sister Miriam had followed Moses, and she recommended that her own mother serve as a nurse to her. When Moses became an adult, he saw the battle of Egypt with an Israelite, and he interceded and killed the Egyptians. The next day, the Israelites asked if Musa intended to kill him as well. Pharaoh tried to kill Moses and Moses escaped to the water in Midian. He met some sisters and watered their cattle. When the female father, Jethro, learns about Moses, he invites him to stay and gives him a daughter, Zipporah, to marry.
In Midian, Moses saw the fire and approached him. God spoke to him, and told him to take off his shoes. God says that he has chosen Moses. God said to lower his wand and stretch his arm as a sign. His staff turned into a snake and then returned to the staff form. Her arms became white even though she was not sick. God commanded him to go to Pharaoh to deliver the message. Moses said that he can not speak well. So God gave Aaron his brother to help Moses speak.
God sent Moses to the palace of Pharaoh. Pharaoh refused to listen to Moses. Moses threw down his wand and it became a serpent. Pharaoh's witches also threw their wands that turned into snakes. But the snakes of Pharaoh's witches were swallowed up by Moses' snakes. God causes hunger. God sends the misfortune of grasshoppers, frogs, blood, and destruction. God sent at least nine signs to Pharaoh but Pharaoh ignored some of the first signs and when he could not ignore them again, he agreed to let the Israelites go but after God allowed the calm, Pharaoh still stubbornly refused to let the Israelites go as God made every son First born Egyptians died and saved every Israelite (the first Passover). Pharaoh became hysterical and demanded that Moses and the Israelites go immediately just to chase them with his troops after they came out. Then God helped Moses lead the Israelites into the desert and cross the ocean. Moses struck the sea with his wand and the sea split in two and showed dry land (while creating a wall of water on each side) for the Israelites to walk. Pharaoh and his army pursued the Israelites but the water returned to its original state. Pharaoh and his army died drowning. (Exodus 14: 7, II: 47)
Moses left for the Hebrew forty nights. He placed his brother Harun in charge of the people (Al-Baqarah | 2,48) On a mountain, God gave Moses a revelation from the teachings of Israel to follow. God made the tablets with the writing on it which Moses brought to Israel.
Moses was asked to see God. People see fire and lightning and mountains and fear. When Moses left, the Israelites demanded to worship idols. They use gold from their ornaments to build a golden calf they say is a god who saves them from Egypt. Aaron did not stop them. Then Moses returned and condemned them and Aaron. Many were killed by their actions. God sent manna and quail to eat but the Hebrews still rebelled against God, and complained about food. Moses asked for water to God and God answered him. Moses struck the rock with his stick and water came out. The people of Israel were divided into twelve tribes.
God gave the people of Israel a rich land, but this happened at different times in the two scriptures. In addition and many additional details in the Torah, there are other differences:
- Biblical Moses is reluctant to be a prophet and make excuses. He finally agreed and Aaron spoke and performed a miracle at first until Moses was ready and took over. In the Qur'an, Aaron was made the messenger of God at the request of Moses to support him in a difficult task. Moses asks God to give him human support from the family, then asks Aaron (his brother) to praise Aaron by saying that he (Aaron) is a better speaker than he is (Moses).
- Wizards, in the Qur'anic tale, repent after seeing the signs of Moses and submitting to God for Pharaoh's anger.
- In the Qur'an, Pharaoh does not repent but tries to deceive Moses and God by saying that now he believes in one God, the gods of Moses and Aaron (while drowning). But God does not accept this because he seeks repentance at the moment of death after seeing the angels.
- In the Bible, Moses first went to Pharaoh without showing any signs.
- In Exodus, Aaron helped make the golden calf. In the Qur'an, Aaron himself is the messenger of God and represents Moses in his absence. He opposed the idea with all his might and warned the Israelites that God would be angry with them. In the Qur'an, a person named Samiri (not to be confused with a Samaritan) leads the Israelites to worship golden calves.
- Pharaoh sank in Exodus. In the Qur'an, Pharaoh is also drowning, but God says in the Quran that he keeps the pharaoh's body as an example for future generations (or set an example for future generations) (Ramesses II)
See also Aaron, the Islamic view of Aaron, and the Islamic view of Pharaoh.
Korah Destruction (Qarun)
The story of Korah's destruction appears in Numbers 16: 1-50 in the Torah and Al-Qasas 76-82 in the Qur'an. Korah was an Israelite living in the days of Moses. Because of his evil, God caused him to die by opening the land and swallowing him and his house (Numbers 16: 31-33; Al-Qashash | 28.81). In the Koran, Karon is just a rich man who is too arrogant. In the Torah, he led a minor rebellion against Moses. God also killed others who rebelled against him and destroyed their home.
Maps Biblical and Quranic narratives
Next Hebrew Bible Narrative
Gideon/Talut
In the Qur'an and the Bible there is the story of smaller armies winning over the greater. One story in the Qur'an and the Bible has a strong resemblance, although they are placed at different times and linked to different characters. The Bible story shows Gideon from the Book of Judges and the story of the Qur'an featuring Talut (usually translated as Saul).
In the Book of Judges 6-8 of the Bible, Gideon received a command from God to bring Israel to war against the Midianites. Gideon was reluctant, but agreed upon making God prove himself with three different tests. When they are heading for battle, God tells Gideon to expel those who miss the house or fear death. Since the army was still big enough to credit his own strength for victory, God told Gideon to observe his drinking habits in the river. The Lord said to send those who did not drink with their hands, but wipe the water straight like a dog, returning to their home. The rest of Israel went to victory.
In 2: 246-248 of the Qur'an, God chose Talut (generally regarded as Saul) to lead the Israelites to war against the army of Goliath. On the way, God told Talut to warn people that they will be tested by God, and that they should not drink from the next stream to pass the test. Despite this warning, most men disobey and drink from the river. God told Talut to abandon disobedient members unless they drank only one handful, so that the army would only consist of faithful members. The army then proceeded to defeat the forces of General Goliath.
Saul, David and Goliath (T? L? T ?????, D? W? D ???? and Jalut)
This story appears in 1 Samuel 8-12 and 17: 1-58. The prophet Samuel was petitioned by Israel for a king. God sent Samuel to appoint Saul as king, though with a warning that the kings only took from their people. At least some people were not happy with Samuel's choice, but Saul later prophesied and won some victories, so people hugged him. Then Saul fell from the favor of Allah and God promised to appoint others as kings. The Philistines attacked and supported by the fear of their champion Goliath, a giant. God sent Samuel to recruit David, who killed Goliath. David finally became the new king of Israel.
The same story appears in Al Quran 2: 246-251. The Israelites demanded their prophet to appoint a king, and therefore God appointed the man Talut. People respond badly to the choice, annoyed that Talut does not look special. God gave the Ark of the Covenant back to Israel to verify His choice (this is the event that precedes Saul in the Bible). Talut leads the people to fight against the military leadership by General Goliath. The Israeli army is small and doubtful, but some believe that God can still give them victory. David then killed Goliath and became king of Israel. This account also has something in common with when Gideon led the troops. See verse Gideon/Talut above.
Queen of Sheba
This story appears in 1 Kings 10: 1-13 and 2 Chronicles 9: 1-13 and in the verses Surah 27 20-44. The two stories almost have nothing in common. In each of them, Queen Syeba came to visit Solomon and was impressed by her wisdom and wealth. In the Bible, the visit is only diplomatic. In the Qur'an, the Queen became monotheists and peace was established in the kingdoms. Although not part of the Quran, the Islamic tradition states that Queen Sheba's name is Bilqis or Balqis.
Jonah (Yunus ????) and big fish
In both the Bible and the Qur'an, Jonah is swallowed by "big fish", usually inferred as a whale. The Book of Jonah in the Bible comprises four chapters about the mission of Jonah to Nineveh. Yunus was referred to three times in the Qur'an: in verse 139-148 of Surah 37 (As-Saaffat) (Those who regulate the ranks), 87-88 of Sura 21: al-Anbiya '(Prophets) and verse 48- 50 Sura 68: al-Qalam (Pena)/Nun. Mentioned in verse 98 of Sura 10: Yunus (Yunus) and verse 86 of Sura 6: al-An'am (Cow).
In the Qur'an, Jonah became frustrated by his own people and left them to the mercy of God, but without asking permission from God and thus would be against his given responsibilities. In the Qur'an, it is mentioned also that if Jonah did not pray in the belly of the fish, he would remain there until the Day of Judgment. In the Bible, Jonah paid the fare to sail to Tarshish. In both stories, he boarded a ship full of passengers, many were thrown and Jonah was thrown into the sea and swallowed by a large fish (Jonah 1:17, As-Saaffat 37 | 142). After praying, he was thrown out of the fish and stranded on the shore, and God caused the pumpkins to grow (37 | 146) or weeds (2: 5). In the Bible, Jonah goes on to Nineveh, and the city is left to God. In the Qur'an, God causes the pumpkins to grow to comfort Jonah after he lies on the beach in a sick state (As-Saaffat 145), in the Bible the pumpkin plants grow to provide shade to Jonah while he waits for Nineveh to be destroyed (4: 6 ). However, according to Islamic tradition, large fish were initially frightened, for fear it might swallow a saint when hearing prayers and pleas recited in a beautiful voice from his stomach, hearing many sea creatures surrounding him. But he consoled himself because it was God's command to swallow Jonah. After two days, the fish drove him off the coast of the island and he was very weak. Stomach juice with hot sun burns his skin to the point he will scream in pain. God caused the vine to grow on it and gave him fruit and shadow. He recovered and returned to his good people after he left. According to the Bible, Nineveh is a great city, with over one hundred and twenty thousand people and many cattle (Jonah 4:11). In the Qur'an, the number of people he sends as a prophet exceeds one hundred thousand. They believe in the message and God gives them prosperity for a long time. (As-Saaffat 37 | 147-148). In the New Testament, Jesus refers to the Ninevites who repented in the preaching of Jonah (Matthew 12:41, Luke 11:32).
Haman
In the Bible, Haman was a great nobleman and an imperial conqueror under the Persian King Ahasuerus who wanted to persecute the Jews. In the Koran, Haman was an advisor and ruler under Pharaoh (Pharaoh) of ancient Egypt whose narrative relationship with Moses was narrated in the Koran.
The structure ordered by the Pharaoh to be built by Haman is similar to the Tower of Babel in Genesis, which is unrelated to Haman's narrative in the Bible. Both structures are made of bricks burned for the purpose of ascending to heaven.
However, it is also suggested that they are different individuals. The name "Haman" is actually mentioned in the ancient Egyptian tablet that now stands in the Hof Museum, Vienna (Walter Wreszinski, Ötgyptische Inschriften aus dem K. K. Hof Museum in Wien, 1906, J.C Hinrichs' sche Buchhandlung).
New Testament narrative
Zechariah and John (Zakariya (????? ) and Yahya (????))
The story of Zechariah is told in the Gospels of Luke 1: 5-80 and Luke 3: 1-22 and in the Qur'an 19.2-15. Zechariah and his wife reached old age without childbirth. God spoke to Zechariah and told him that his wife would become pregnant, despite his sterility, and his name was John. As a sign that this is going to happen, God struck Zechariah mute until John was born even though he communicated using the signs. John became a great and pious prophet and came to affirm the Word of God. Both accounts mention John's death.
Both accounts never directly disagree, but each has a unique element: In the Bible, Zechariah is a priest. God spoke to him at Yom Kippur in the Holy of Holies. He doubts that God will act and his politeness is a sign and punishment. In the Qur'an, God promised him a child and he questioned how it would happen because he was an old man and his barren wife. After that he was told that for God it is very easy and that has not God for you while you are not there. In the Qur'anic narrative, Zechariah also reminded that the sign he should seek would be a stability for three nights though uncontrollably from utterance, implying, he would not find an opportunity to talk to anyone. Zechariah, therefore, is found emerging from his space and reminding his people to celebrate the praises of God through inspiring movements (Sura Maryam 19: 1-11). In the Bible, Zechariah insists that his son's name is John and received his speech again. Mary ("Maryam" ????)
The life of Mary is told in several books of the New Testament and Quran 19.16-35. In the Bible, in the sixth month after John the Baptist's conception by Elizabeth, the angel Gabriel was sent from God to the Virgin Mary, in Nazareth. Mary was the house of David, and was engaged to Joseph, of the same royal family. And the angel took the form and the man, entered into the house and said to him: 'Greetings, full of grace, the Lord is with you.' Mary after hearing the words of greeting did not speak; he is restless in spirit, because he does not know the angel, or the cause of his coming, or the meaning of that greeting. And the angel went on and said: 'Do not be afraid, Mary, for you have found grace with God. Look at you in your womb and give birth to a son; and you will call his name Jesus. (In Matthew 1: 21-22 the meaning for the name is given "because he will save his people from their sins." In Hebrew it sounds like the Hebrew word for salvation "." must be great, and shall be called the Son of the Most High, and the Lord God will give him the throne of David his father, and he shall reign in the house of Jacob forever. And his kingdom shall not be thereafter. 'Unquestionably the word of God, unlike Zechariah, fearing and amazed, he said: "How is this to be done, since I have not known a man?" The angel, to remove Mary's anxiety and assure her that her virginity will be spared, replied: 'The Holy Spirit will come to you and the power of the Most High will overshadow And therefore the Holy One to be born of you will be called the Son of God. "As a sign of the truth of his words, he informed him of John's conception, the miraculous pregnancy of kin yes that is now old and barren: 'And behold, your cousin, Elizabeth; he also has a son in his old age, and this is the sixth month with him called barren: for there is no impossible word with God. 'Mary may not yet fully understand the meaning of the heavenly message and how labor may be reconciled with her virgin oath, but cling to the first words of the angel and believe in the omnipotence of God she says:' Behold the servant of God, do it unto me according to thy word. '
In Luke, Mary was engaged to Joseph but the Quran never mentioned anyone. In the Qur'an, 'his people' talked with Mary accusing him of committing sexual immorality. In the Bible there was no such conversation happening but Joseph knew that people were thinking about it.
The Qur'an states in the chapter named after Mary, verses 16-37: In the Book, tell the story of Maryam, when she goes far from her family (for Prayer) to a place in the East. He puts the screen (to hide himself) from them; Then We sent our angel, and he appeared before him in the honorable form in all things. He said: "Verily, I ask for your protection with the Most Gracious (Allah) :( Do not approach me) if you keep yourself against evil." He said: "I am a messenger from your Lord, just to announce to you, the gift of a righteous son." He said: "How should I have a son, when no one touches me, and I am indecent?" He said: "It will be so: Your Lord says 'It is easy for Me: And (We hope) to designate him as a Sign to mankind and mercy from Us': This is something that has been ordained." So he started carrying him (Jesus), and he went (to rest) with him to a distant place. And the pain of childbirth brings it to a palm tree trunk: She cries "Oh! If I die before this! If I am something forgotten and invisible!" Then (a voice) cries out to him from under the tree: "Do not be sad, for your Lord has made a stream under you, And shake upon you a palm tree trunk: This will drop a fresh ripe date on you So eat and drink and cool your eyes. And if you see someone, say, 'I have pledged earnestly to the Beneficent, and today I will not speak to any human being.' "In the end he took the baby to his people, carrying the baby Jesus in his arms. They said, "O Mary, it is a marvelous thing you have brought in! Aaron's sister! Your father is not a destroyer, and your mother is not an immoral woman!" Then he pointed to the baby. They say, "How can we talk to a man who is just a child in a cradle?" He said: "Verily I am a servant of God: He has given me the Gospel and made me a prophet, and he has blessed me wherever I am, and has commanded me prayer and charity as long as I live; make me good to my mother, and not arrogant nor miserable: And peace be unto me on the day I was born, the day I die, and the day I will be raised alive! "Jesus, son of Maryam is like this: This is a statement of truth, which they dispute (useless). It is not suitable for Almighty God that He should be the father of a son. Glory to Him! When He determines something, He just says, "Be", and it is true. Jesus said: "Lo! Allah is my Lord and your Lord: He alone is ye worshiped: That is the Straight Way." Then, the groups are different from each other: so this is a warning to the Gentiles because of the Judgment on a Great Day! (Translation: Syed Vickar Ahamed, 2007. Approved by Al-Azhar Islamic Research Academy, Cairo, Egypt.)
Jesus (Isa ????) (Hebrew ????)
Jesus' ministry takes all four Gospels (Matthew, Mark, Luke and John) in the Bible, and becomes the focus of the next New Testament books. Some common stories for the four Gospels include that Jesus was baptized by John the Baptist, who then traveled as a traveling preacher and healer, took twelve apostles, miraculously fed 5,000 people at least once, entered Jerusalem by donkey, encouraged merchants from both temples, his betrayal by one of his disciples, was crucified, but was raised from the dead. It should be noted that each Gospel represents a different perspective, with some information and emphasis different from each other. Christians accept the four books as part of the canon of Scripture.
Jesus appeared several times in the Qur'an: al-Imran 35-59; a Nisa '156-158; al-Ma'idah 109-120; Maryam 16-35, al-Mu'minun 50; az-Zukhruf 57-65; as-Saff 6 and 14. He is also indirectly referred to in other locations.
The Qur'an contains little narration from the life of Jesus, but includes many short descriptions similar to the Bible:
- Make the dead live
- Is the Messiah prophesied
- Have students.
- Teach the students to continue their ministry.
- Heals individuals affected by blindness and leprosy.
The details of Jesus' birth are different from those offered in the Gospels of Matthew and Luke (see section above). Other accounts in the Qur'an are not in the Bible. Two such stories, in which the baby Jesus orally testify of the virginity of Mary and others in which the young Jesus forms and breathes life into the clay birds, have colleagues in non-canonical Christian literature (see Gospel of Childhood ). The Qur'an rejects that Jesus was ever expected to be interpreted as divine and that he only taught the infinite monotheism. Somewhat surprisingly, it also denies the crucifixion (see the Islamic view of Jesus' death).
More numbers
The Qur'an and the Bible have more than 50 identical people, usually in the same narrative. The Qur'an identifies Enoch and Ishmael as prophets, but they are never told. In the Bible, all these people are identified as righteous but not prophets - except Ismael who is not well written.
There is also one mentioned in the Qur'an, Dhul-Qarnain, which is not mentioned in the Bible by that name but whose story is similar to the story of the Supreme Koresh as mentioned in other Jewish and Christian writings (see Koresh the Great in the Quran.)
Mixed equations
In some cases, the Qur'an and the Bible have common events but occur in different histories.
Idol calf and Samaritan
In the Bible, in the absence of Moses, certain people who came out of Egypt with the Hebrews worship the golden calf saying, "This is your God, O Israel, who brought you out of Egypt." Hundreds of years later, Samaria was founded and became the capital of the Northern Kingdom of Israel. King Jeroboam, his first king, also made two golden calves and said, "This is your god, O Israel, who brought you out of Egypt." Later, around 700 BC, another group of people occupied Samaria called the Samaritans.
The Qur'an tells the story of the calf while Moses is gone. A man named "Samari" Yusuf Ali or "Samaritan" (Arberry) is blamed for condemning their idolatry.
A verse in Hosea 8: 5-6 contains the same content as Ta-Ha | 20.97 where Hosea refers to the calf of Jeroboam and the Koran refers to an earlier calf. Both featured a prophet who spoke to the Samaritan/Samaritan who promised to destroy the calf.
In the Qur'an, the punishment of Moses that Samari can not be touched is similar to the punishment of the modern Samaritan where no Jew is allowed to touch them because of their idolatry. In his commentary, Yusuf Ali claims that Samari is not a Samaritan.
Miriam and Mary
In Arabic, both Mary and Miriam are called Maryam . Mary, the mother of Jesus, is the only woman whose name is mentioned in the Qur'an. When speaking of Mary, the mother of Jesus, the Qur'an also calls her as Aaron's sister. There is Aaron in the Bible, which is Aaron's brother Moses, who also has Miriam's sister. According to the Muslim interpreter, Aaron is different from the brother of Moses. Moses and Jesus were separated apart from time, but it was a tradition to give people the names of the prophets and the righteous who lived before them as mentioned in the following hadith:
- Mughira b. Shu'ba reported: When I came to Najran, they (the Najran Christians) asked me: You read the "O sister of Aaron" (ie E. Hadrat Maryam) in the Koran, while Moses was born far before Jesus. When I returned to the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) I asked him about it, then he said: The people of the past used to name (after their names) after the names of the Apostles and those who have been righteous go before them. (Sheik Muslim - Adaaab Book)
Hannah and Hannah
In the Book of Samuel, Hannah is grateful that God gave her a son, Samuel. He dedicates it to God by letting him live with Eli, the prophet and priest.
In the Qur'an, Mary's mother thanked God for Mary and dedicated her to God. Mary then lived in the household of the prophet Zechariah.
In the Bible, Zechariah is also a priest. Mother Mary is not mentioned by name in the Qur'an.
See also
- The history of the Qur'an
- Alexander the Great in the Qur'an
- Source critic
- Islam and Judaism
- Isra'iliyat
- Ibrahim's Religion
- Christianity and Islam
- Christianity and Judaism
- Comparative Religion
- Cyrus (The Bible)
- Cyrus the Great in the Qur'an
References
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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