Nikon

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Nikon Corporation ( ??????? , Nikon Kabushiki-gaisha >) ( UK: or US: Ã, listening Ã, [? Iko?] ), also known just as Nikon , is a Japanese multinational company headquartered in Tokyo, Japan, specializing in optical and imaging products.

Nikon products include cameras, camera lenses, binoculars, microscopes, eyepiece, measurement instruments, rifle scopes, spotting spots, and steppers used in the semiconductor fabrication photolithography stage, which is the second largest manufacturer in the world. The company is the eighth largest chip maker as reported in 2017. Nikon-held companies form the Nikon Group. Among its products are the Nikkor imaging lens (for F-mount cameras, large format photography, magnifying photography, and other applications), Nikon F-series 35mm SLR film cameras, DSLR D series Nikon D series, Coolpix series of compact digital cameras, and Nikonos series of underwater film cameras. Nikon's main competitors in manufacturing cameras and lenses include Canon, Sony, Fujifilm, Panasonic, Pentax, and Olympus.

Founded on July 25, 1917 as Nippon K? Gaku K? Gy? Kabushikigaisha ( ?????????? "Japan Optical Industries Co., Ltd."), the company was replaced his name became Nikon Corporation, after his camera, in 1988. Nikon is a member of the Mitsubishi group of companies ( keiretsu ).

Video Nikon

Histori

Nikon Corporation was founded on July 25, 1917 when three leading optical manufacturers joined forces to form a comprehensive integrated optical company known as Nippon K? Gaku T? Ky? K.K. Over the next sixty years, this growing company became a manufacturer of optical lenses (including for the first Canon cameras) and equipment used in cameras, binoculars, microscopes, and inspection equipment. During World War II the company operated thirty factories with 2,000 employees, producing binoculars, lenses, bomb sights, and periscopes for the Japanese military.

Reception outside Japan

After the war Nippon Kaku was returned to produce a variety of civilian products in one factory. In 1948, the first Nikon-branded camera was released, Nikon I. The Nikon lenses were popularized by American photojournalist David Douglas Duncan. Duncan worked in Tokyo when the Korean War began. Duncan has met a young Japanese photographer, Jun Miki, who introduced Duncan to a Nikon lens. From July 1950 to January 1951, Duncan covered the Korean War. Nikon optical installation (especially NIKKOR-P.C 1: 2 f = 8,5Ã, cm) to Leica rangefinder camera produces high negative contrast with very sharp resolution in the middle field.

Name and brand

Founded in 1917 as Nippon K? Gaku K? Gy? Kabushikigaisha ( ?????????? "Japan Optical Industries Corporation"), the company changed its name to Nikon Corporation , after the camera, in 1988. The name Nikon , dating from 1946, sounds like a merger of Nippon K? Gaku ( ???? : "Japan Optical") and Zeiss Icon brand. This will cause some initial problems in Germany as Zeiss complains that Nikon infringes on its trademark camera. From 1963 to 1968, Nikon F in particular was therefore labeled 'Nikkor'.

The Nikkor brand was introduced in 1932, a westernized version of the previous version of Nikk? ( ?? ), short for the original full name of the company ( Nikk? by accident means "sunshine "and is the name of the Japanese city.). Nikkor is the Nikon brand name for the lens.

Another early brand used on the microscope is Joico , short for "Japan Optical Industries Co.". Expeed is the Nikon brand used for its image processor since 2007.

Nikon F series revival

Nikon SP and other 1950s and 1960s surveillance cameras competed directly with models from Leica and Zeiss. However, the company quickly stopped developing a reconnaissance line to focus its efforts on the line of single-lens Nikon F reflex lenses, which succeeded after its introduction in 1959. For almost 30 years, the Nikon F-series SLR is the most widely used small format camera in between professional photographers, as well as by the US space program.

Nikon popularized many features in professional SLR photography, such as modular camera systems with interchangeable lenses, viewfinders, motor drives, and back data; integrated light metering and lens indexing; electronic strobe flash, not flashbulbs that can be discarded; electronic shutter control; metering "matrix" multi-zone evaluative; and the progress of existing motor films. However, because the autofocus SLR became available from Minolta and the others in the mid-1980s, the Nikon manual-focus camera line began to look out of date.

Despite introducing one of the first autofocus models, the slow and large F3AF, the company's determination to maintain lens compatibility with F-mounts prevented rapid advancement in autofocus technology. Canon introduced a new type of camera-lens interface with Canon EOS's fully-fledged camera and Canon EF lens mount in 1987. The much faster lens performance permitted by Canon's electronic focus and aperture control prompted many professional photographers (especially in sports and news) to switch to Canon systems through the 1990s.

Digital Photography

Nikon created some of the first digital SLRs (DSLR, Nikon NASA F4) for NASA, used in the Space Shuttle since 1991. After a 1990s partnership with Kodak to manufacture SLR digital cameras based on the existing Nikon film body, Nikon released the Nikon D1 SLR under the name itself in 1999. Despite using the APS-C light sensor of only 2/3 the size of 35 mm film frame (later called "DX sensor"), the D1 is one of the first digital cameras to have sufficient image quality and a fairly low price for some professionals (especially photo journalists and sports photographers) to use it as a substitute for SLR movies. The company also has a Coolpix line that grew as consumer digital photography became increasingly prevalent until the early 2000s.

Through the mid-2000s, Nikon's line of DSLR and professional and enthusiastic lenses including compatible rear-end AF-S lens lines remained in second place behind Canon in SLR camera sales, and Canon has led several years in producing professional DSLRs with large light sensors as a traditional 35 mm film frame. All Nikon DSLRs from 1999 to 2007, by contrast, use a smaller DX size sensor.

Later, the 2005 management changes in Nikon led to new camera designs such as full-frame Nikon D3 in late 2007, Nikon D700 a few months later, and mid-range SLRs. Nikon regained its reputation among professional and amateur photographers as a leading innovator in the field, mainly because of the speed, ergonomics, and low-light performance of its latest model. The mid-range Nikon D90, introduced in 2008, is also the first SLR camera to record video. Since then the video modes have been introduced to many more Nikon DSLR cameras including Nikon D3S, Nikon D7000, Nikon D5100, Nikon D3100, Nikon D3200 and Nikon D5100. Recently, Nikon has released a photo and video editing suite called ViewNX to browse, edit, merge and share images and videos.

Movie camera production

After Nikon introduced affordable consumer-level DSLRs such as the Nikon D70 in the mid-2000s, its consumer sales and professional film cameras dropped rapidly, following a general trend in the industry. In January 2006, Nikon announced it would stop making most models of film cameras and all large-format lenses, and focus on digital models. Nevertheless, Nikon is the only major camera manufacturer that still makes SLR movies. The remaining model is the Nikon F6 professional with the last amateur model, FM10, which has been discontinued.

Movie camera production

Although some models are introduced, Nikon makes movie cameras as well. The Super ZOOM Super 8 R10 and R8 (introduced in 1973) models are the top of the line and the latest attempt to field amateur films. The camera has a dedicated gate and claw system to improve image toughness and overcome the major drawbacks of the Super 8 cartridge design. The R10 model has a high-speed 10X macro zoom lens.

Contrary to other brands, Nikon never tries to offer their projectors or accessories.

Thai operation

Nikon has moved many of its manufacturing facilities to Thailand, with some production (especially Coolpix cameras and some low-end lenses) in Indonesia. The company built a factory in Ayuthaya north of Bangkok in Thailand in 1991. In 2000, the company had 2,000 employees. Stable growth over the next few years and an increase of floor space from 19,400 square meters (208,827 square feet) to 46,200 square feet (497,300 square feet) enabled the plant to produce more Nikon products. In 2004, it has more than 8,000 workers.

The range of products produced in Nikon Thailand includes plastic mold, optical parts, painting, printing, metal processing, coating, round lens process, aspherical lens processing, prism process, electrical and electronic installation process, silent wave motor and autofocus unit production.

Starting in 2009, all Nikon DX DSLR Nikon and D600 formats, prosumer FX cameras, are manufactured in Thailand, while professional and semi-professional Nikon FX (full frame) digital cameras (D700, D3, D3S, D3X, D4, D800 and Df a retro-style building built in Japan, in the city of Sendai Thai facilities also produce most of Nikon's "DX" digital zoom lenses, as well as many other lenses in the Nikkor line.

Cultural activities

In Japan, Nikon runs the Nikon Salon exhibition hall, runs Nikkor Club for amateur photographers (to whom distribute the Nikon Salon book series), and organizes Ina Nobuo Awards, Miki Jun Award and Miki Jun Inspiration Awards.

Sponsor

On November 19, 2013, Nikon is the "Official Camera" of Walt Disney World Resort and Disneyland Resort.

Nikon is the official sponsor of the Football Team Galatasaray SK.

In 2014 Nikon sponsors Copa Sadia do Brasil 2014 and AFC Champions League.

Nikon-Essilor Co. Ltd.

In 1999, Nikon and Essilor have signed a Memorandum of Understanding to form a global strategic alliance in the corrective lens by forming a 50/50 joint venture in Japan to be called Nikon-Essilor Co. Ltd.

The main purpose of the joint venture is to further strengthen the corrective lens business of both companies. This will be achieved through the strong power of Nikon's strong brands backed by advanced optical technology and a strong sales network in the Japanese market, coupled with high productivity and global marketing and sales network Essilor, a world leader in the industry.

Nikon-Essilor Co. Ltd. started its business in January 2000, is responsible for research, development, production and sales mainly for optical eye.

Maps Nikon

Recent developments

The company developed the first lithographic equipment from Japan that is essential for semiconductor manufacturing. The Nikon device enjoys high demand from global chip makers, including Intel, and Nikon became the world's leading manufacturer of semiconductor lithography systems until the 1990s. In recent years, ASML, a Dutch company, has achieved more than 80 percent of the global market by 2015 by adopting open innovation methods in product development. Nikon saw a sharp decline in its market share of less than 40 percent in the early 2000s. The company has lost estimates of <17% per year Ã, Â ¥ in its precision instrument unit. In addition, revenue from its camera business has dropped 30% in the three years prior to 2015 fiscal year. By 2013, it forecasts the first decline in sales of replaceable lens cameras since Nikon's first digital SLR in 1999. The company's net profit has fallen from peak. Ã, Â ¥ 75.4 billion (fiscal 2007) to Ã, Â ¥ 18.2 billion for fiscal year 2015. Nikon plans to reassign more than 1,500 employees resulting in 1,000 layoffs by 2017 as the company shifts its focus to medical and industrial devices business for growth.

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Camera

In January 2006 Nikon announced the cessation of all but two of its film camera models, focusing its efforts on the digital camera market. It continues to sell FM10 completely manual, and still offers a fully automatic high-end F6. Nikon also committed to serving all film cameras for ten years after production stopped.

35mm SLR Film Camera with manual focus

High-end (Professional - Intended for professional use, heavy-duty and weather-resistant)

• Nikon F series (1959, known in Germany for legal reasons as Nikkor F )
• Nikon Series F2 (1971)
• Nikon F3 series (1980)

Midrange

• Nikkorex Series (1960)
• Nikkormat F series (1965, known in Japan as the F Nikomat series)
• Nikon FM (1977)
• Nikon FM2 series (1982)
• Nikon FM10 (1995)
• Nikon FM3A (2001)

Variety with electronic features

• Nikkormat EL series (1972, known in Japan as the Nikomat EL series)
• Nikon EL2 (1977)
• Nikon FE (1978)
• Nikon FE2 (1983)
• Nikon FA (1983)
• Nikon F-601M (1990, known in North America as N6000)
• Nikon FE10 (1996)

Entry-level (Konsumen)

• Nikon EM (1979)
• Nikon FG (1982)
• Nikon FG-20 (1984)
• Nikon F-301 (1985, dikenal di Amerika Utara sebagai N2000)

Kamera APS SLR Film

• Nikon Pronea 600i/Pronea 6i (1996)
• Nikon Pronea S (1997)

Kamera SLR Film 35 mm dengan fokus otomatis

High-end (Professional - Intended for professional, heavy-duty and weatherproof use)

• Nikon F3AF (1983, modify body F3 with Autofocus Finder DX-1)
• Nikon F4 (1988) - (World's first professional professional auto-focus SLR camera and world's first professional SLR camera with internal drive drive)
• Nikonos RS (1992) (Professional when viewed under underwater conditions) - (World's first underwater auto-focus SLR camera
• Nikon F5 (1996)
• Nikon F6 (2004)

High-end (Prosumer - Intended for pro-consumers who want key mechanical/electronic features from a professional path but does not require the same job/weather endurance)

• Nikon F-501 (1986, known in North America as N2020)
• Nikon F-801 (1988, known in the US as N8008)
• Nikon F-801S (1991, known in the US as N8008S)
• Nikon F90 (1992, known in the US as N90)
• Nikon F90X (1994, known in the US as N90S)
• Nikon F80 (2000, known in the US as N80)
• Nikon F100 (1999)

The middle class (Consumer)

• Nikon F-601 (1990, known in the US as N6006)
• Nikon F70 (1994, known in the US as N70)
• Nikon F75 (2003, known in the US as N75)

Entry-level (Consumer)

• Nikon F-401 (1987, known in the US as N4004)
• Nikon F-401S (1989, known in the US as N4004S)
• Nikon F-401X (1991, known in the US as N5005)
• Nikon F50 (1994, known in the US as N50)
• Nikon F60 (1999, known in the US as N60)
• Nikon F65 (2000, known in the US as N65)
• Nikon F55 (2002, known in the US as N55)

Professional Recognition Camera

• Nikon I (1948)
• Nikon M (1949)
• Nikon S (1951)
• Nikon S2 (1954)
• Nikon SP (1957)
• Nikon S3 (1958)
• Nikon S4 (1959) (entry-level)
• Nikon S3M (1960)
• Nikon S3 2000 (2000)
• Nikon SP Limited Edition (2005)

Quick camera

Between 1983 and early 2000s various pocket cameras were made by Nikon. Nikon first started naming the camera with a series name (such as the L35/L135 series, RF/RD-series, W35 series, EF or AW-series). In the next production cycle, the cameras are branded double with a series name on one and the name of the sale on the other. Sales names such as Zoom-Touch for cameras with wide zoom range, Lite-Touch for ultra concise models, Fun-Touch and Sport-Touch for splash water resistance. After the late 1990s, Nikon dropped the series name and only continued with the sales name. Nikon-APS camera is all named Nuvis .

The cameras come in all price ranges from entry-level fixed-lens cameras to the top models of Nikon 35Ti and 28Ti with titanium bodies and 3D-Matrix-Metering.

Movie camera

Double 8 (8mm)

• NIKKOREX 8 (1960)
• NIKKOREX 8F (1963)

Super 8

• Nikon Super Zoom 8 (1966)
• Nikon 8X Super Zoom (1967)
• Nikon R8 Super Zoom (1973)
• Nikon R10 Super Zoom (1973)

Professional Underwater Camera

• Nikonos I Calypso (1963, originally known in France as Calypso/Nikkor)
• Nikonos II (1968)
• Nikonos III (1975)
• Nikonos IV-A (1980)
• Nikonos V (1984)
• Nikonos RS (1992) (The world's first undersea Auto-Focus SLR camera)

src: www.imaging-resource.com

Digital cameras

Nikon's raw image format is NEF , for Nikon Electronic File. The "DSCN" prefix for the image file is "Digital Still Camera - Nikon."

Digital pocket camera

The Nikon Coolpix series is a digital pocket camera manufactured in many variants: Superzoom, bridge, travel-zoom, compact miniature camera and waterproof/rugged. The top pocket camera is some of the "Performance" series shown by "P...".

Greater sensor camera compound

Coolpix series since 2008 is listed.

• Nikon Coolpix P6000, 2008-08-07 (CCD, 14 megapixel, 4x magnification)
• Nikon Coolpix P7000, 2010-09-08 (CCD, 10.1 megapixels, 7x zoom)
• Nikon Coolpix P7100, 2011-08-24 (roughly the same specifications as its predecessor)
• Nikon Coolpix P7700
• Nikon Coolpix A, 2013-03-05 (16MP DX-CMOS sensor)
• Nikon Coolpix P7800

Compact light compact lens camera

• Nikon Coolpix P300
• Nikon Coolpix P310
• Nikon Coolpix P330
• Nikon Coolpix P340

Bridge cameras

• Nikon Coolpix L810, Feb, 2012-16 MP, 26x optical zoom, no wi-fi, fixed LCD, ISO 80-1600
• Nikon Coolpix L820, Jan, 2013-16 MP, 30x optical zoom, no wi-fi, fixed LCD, ISO 125-3200
• Nikon Coolpix L830, Jan, 2014-16 MP, 34x optical zoom with 68x Dynamic Fine Zoom, without wi-fi, LCD tilting, ISO 125-1600 (3200 at Auto)
• Nikon Coolpix L840 Feb, 2015-16 MP, optical zoom 38x with 76x Dynamic Fine Zoom, Built-in Wi-Fi® and NFC (Near Field Communication), 3 inch high-resolution LCD tilting, ISO 125 - 1600

ISO 3200, 6400 (available when using Auto mode)

• Nikon Coolpix P500, Feb, 2011-12.1 MP, 36x optical zoom, LCD tilt, ISO 160-3200
• Nikon Coolpix P510, Feb, 2012-16.1 MP, 41.7x optical zoom (24-1000mm), no wi-fi, LCD vari-angle, ISO 100-3200
• Nikon Coolpix P520, Jan, 2013-18.1 MP, 42x optical zoom, optional wi-fi, LCD vari-angle, ISO 80-3200
• Nikon Coolpix P530, Feb, 2014-16.1 MP, 42x optical zoom & amp; Dynamic Fine Zoom 84x, select wi-fi, fixed LCD, ISO 100-1600 (ISO 3200, 6400 in PASM mode)
• Nikon Coolpix P600, Feb, 2014-16.1 MP, 60x optical zoom and 120 Dynamic Fine Zoom, built with wi-fi, vari-angle LCD, ISO 100-1600 (ISO 3200, 6400 in PASM mode)

• Nikon Coolpix P610
• Nikon Coolpix P900

Camera without lens-changing mirrors

Nikon 1 series - CX sensor, Nikon 1 mounted lens

• Nikon 1 J1, September 21, 2011, Ã,: 10 MP
• Nikon 1 V1, September 21, 2011, Ã,: 10 MP
• Nikon 1 J2, August 10, 2012, Ã,: 10 MP
• Nikon 1 V2, October 24, 2012, Ã,: 14 MP
• Nikon 1 J3, January 8, 2013, Ã,: 14 MP
• Nikon 1 S1, 8 January 2013, Ã,: 10 MP
• Nikon 1 AW1, Ã,: 14 MP
• Nikon 1 V3, Ã,: 18 MP, LCD tilt
• Nikon 1 J4, Ã,: 18 MP
• Nikon 1 J5, Ã,: 20 MP

Digital single lens reflector camera

High-end (Professional - Intended for professional, heavy-duty and weatherproof use)

• Nikon D1, DX sensor, June 15, 1999 - Discontinued
• Nikon D1X, DX sensor, February 5, 2001 - Discontinued
• Nikon D1H, DX sensor, high speed, February 5, 2001 - Discontinued
• Nikon D2H, DX sensor, high speed, July 22, 2003 - Discontinued
• Nikon D2X, DX sensor, September 16, 2004 - Discontinued
• Nikon D2HS, DX sensor, high speed, February 16, 2005 - Discontinued
• Nikon D2XS, DX sensor, June 1, 2006 - Discontinued
• Nikon D3, FX/Full Frame sensor, August 23, 2007 - Discontinued
• Nikon D3X, FX/Full Frame sensor, December 1, 2008 - Discontinued
• Nikon D3S, FX/Full Frame sensor, October 14, 2009 - Discontinued
• Nikon D4, FX/Full Frame sensor, January 6, 2012 - Discontinued
• Nikon D4S, FX/Full Frame sensor, February 25, 2014 - Discontinued
• Nikon D5, Sensor FX/Full Frame, January 5, 2016

High-end (Prosumer - Intended for pro-consumers who want the ultimate mechanical/weather resistance and electronic features from a professional path but do not require the same heavy duty)

• Nikon D100, DX sensor, February 21, 2002 - Discontinued
• Nikon D200, DX sensor, November 1, 2005 - Discontinued
• Nikon D300, DX sensor, August 23, 2007 - Discontinued
• Nikon D300S, DX sensor, July 30, 2009 - Discontinued
• Nikon D700, FX/Full Frame sensor, July 1, 2008 - Discontinued
• Nikon D800, FX/Full Frame sensor, February 7, 2012 - Discontinued
• Nikon D800E, FX/Full Frame sensor, April 2012 - Terminated
• Nikon D600, FX/Full Frame sensor, September 13, 2012 - Discontinued
• Nikon D610, FX/Full Frame sensor, October 2013
• Nikon Df, FX/Full Frame sensor, November 2013
• Nikon D810, FX/Full Frame sensor, June 2014
• Nikon D750, FX/Full Frame Sensor, September 11, 2014
• Nikon D810A, FX/Full Frame Sensor, February 2015
• Nikon D500, DX sensor, January 5, 2016
• Nikon D850, FX/Full Frame sensor, announced July 25, 2017

Midrange and professional use cameras with DX sensor

• Nikon D70, January 28, 2004 - Discontinued
• Nikon D70S, April 20, 2005 - Discontinued
• Nikon D80, August 9, 2006 - Discontinued
• Nikon D90, August 27, 2008 - Discontinued
• Nikon D7000, September 15, 2010 - Discontinued
• Nikon D7100, February 21, 2013
• Nikon D7200, March 2, 2015
• Nikon D7500, April 12, 2017

Entry-top level (Consumer) - DX sensor

Along with the D750 and D500 above, this is the only Nikon DSLR with articulation (tilt-and-swivel) view.

• Nikon D5000, April 14, 2009 - Terminated
• Nikon D5100, April 5, 2011 - Terminated
• Nikon D5200, November 6, 2012 Discontinued
• Nikon D5300, October 17, 2013
• Nikon D5500, January 5, 2015
• Nikon D5600, November 10, 2016

Entry-level (Consumer) - DX sensor

• Nikon D50, April 20, 2005 - Discontinued
• Nikon D40, November 16, 2006 - Discontinued
• Nikon D40X, March 6, 2007 - Discontinued
• Nikon D60, January 29, 2008 - Discontinued
• Nikon D3000, July 30, 2009 - Discontinued
• Nikon D3100, August 19, 2010 - Discontinued
• Nikon D3200, April 19, 2012 - Discontinued (US available only.))
• Nikon D3300, January 7, 2014 - Stopped (US available only.))
• Nikon D3400, August 17, 2016

src: icdn6.digitaltrends.com

Photo optics

Lens for F-mount camera

Nikon F-mount is a type of interchangeable lens mount developed by Nikon for single lens reflex camera of 35 mm. F-mount was first introduced on Nikon F camera in 1959.

• View Nikon F-mount -> Nikkor
• Lens with integrated motors: List of Nikon F-mounted lenses with integrated auto focus motor

Other lenses for photography and images

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Electronic flash unit

Nikon uses the term Speedlight for its electronic flash. The latest models include SB-R200, SB-300, SB-400, SB-600, SB-700, SB-800, SB-900, SB-910 and R1C1.

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Movie scanner

Nikon's digital capture line also includes a series of special scanners for various formats, including Advanced Photo System (IX240), 35 mm, and 60 mm film.

• (1988) LS-3500 (4096x6144, 4000 dpi, 30 bits per pixel) HP-IB (requires third-party NuBus cards intended for Mac platforms, with Photoshop plug-in).
• (1992) Coolscan LS-10 (2700 dpi) SCSI. First named "Coolscan" to show LED illumination.
• (1994) LS-3510AF (4096x6144, 4000 dpi, 30 bits per pixel) SCSI auto focus (usually used on Mac platforms with Photoshop plug-in; TWAIN available for PC platform).
• (1995) LS-4500AF (4 x 5 inch and 120/220, 1000x2000 dpi format, 35mm 3000x3000 format). 12 bit A/D. SCSI. Equipped with automatic focus lens.
• (1996) Super Coolscan LS-1000 (2592x3888, 2700 dpi) SCSI. scanning time is cut in half
• (1996) Coolscan II LS-20 E (2700 dpi) SCSI
• (1998) Coolscan LS-2000 (2700 dpi, 12-bit) SCSI, some examples, "CleanImage" software
• (1998) Coolscan III LS-30 E (2700 dpi, 10-bit) SCSI
• (2001) Coolscan IV LS-40 ED (2900 dpi, 12-bit, 3.6D) USB, SilverFast, ICE, ROC, GEM
• (2001) Coolscan LS-4000 ED (4000 dpi, 14-bit, 4.2D) Firewire
• (2001) Coolscan LS-8000 ED (4000 dpi, 14-bit, 4.2D) Firewire, multiformat
• (2003) Coolscan V LS-50 ED (4000 dpi, 14-bit, 4.2D) USB
• (2003) Super Coolscan LS-5000 ED (4000 dpi, 16bit, 4.8D) USB
• (2004) Super Coolscan LS-9000 ED (4000 dpi, 16bit, 4.8D) Firewire, multiformat

Nikon introduced its first scanner, the Nikon LS-3500 with a maximum resolution of 4096 x 6144 pixels, in 1988. Before the development of 'cool' LED lighting this scanner used a halogen lamp (hence the name 'Coolscan' for the following models). The following LED-based Coolscan model resolution does not increase but the price is much lower. The color depth, scanning quality, imaging and hardware functionality as well as the speed of scanning are gradually improving with each of the following models. Final 'top of the line' 35mm Coolscan LS-5000 ED is a device capable of archiving more slides; 50 framed slides or 40 images on a roll of film. It can scan all of this in one batch using a special adapter. Single maximum resolution scanning takes no more than 20 seconds as long as no post processing is also performed. With the launch of Coolscan 9000 ED Nikon introduces the latest movie scanners which, like the Minolta Dimage scanner is the only film scanner that, because of the special version of ICE Digital, is able to scan Kodachrome movies reliably with both free dust and scratches. By the end of 2007, many software codes had to be rewritten to be compatible with Mac OS 10.5. Nikon announced it would stop supporting Nikon Scan software for Macintosh as well as for Windows Vista 64-bit. Third party software solutions like SilverFast or Vuecan provide alternatives to official Nikon drivers and scanning software, and maintain updated drivers for most current operating systems. Between 1994 and 1996 Nikon developed three flatbed scanner models named Scantouch, which could not compete with competitive flatbed products and were therefore discontinued to allow Nikon to focus on its dedicated movie scanners.

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Sports optics

Binoculars

Spotting scope

Scope of the gun

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Nikon Metrology

Ikhtisar

Nikon Metrology, Nikon division, manufactures hardware and software products for 2D & amp; 3D measurements from nano to large scale measurement volumes. Products include Optical Laser Probe, X-ray computed tomography, Coordinate Gauges (CMM), Laser Radar System (LR), Microscope, Portable CMM, Large Volume Metrology, Motion Measurement and Robotic Adaptive Control, Semiconductor System, Metrology Software including CMM -Manager, CAMIO Studio, Inspect-X, Focus, and Automeasure. Measurements are made using touch and non-contact probes, measurement data are collected in software and processed to be compared to nominal CAD (computer-aided design) or part specifications or to re-create/reverse the physical workings of engineering.

Nikon Metrology Origin

Nikon's origins go back to 1917 when three Junan optical manufacturers joined to form Nippon Kogaku KK ('Japan Optics'). In 1925, a microscope with revolutionary nosepiece and interchangeable objectives was produced. Significant growth for the microscopy division occurred over the next 50 years as Nikon pioneered the development of polarizing and stereo microscopes along with new products for the measurement and inspection market (Metrology). These new products include devices targeted for industrial use such as optical comparators, autocollimators, projector profiles and automated vision based systems. Continued efforts over the next three decades resulted in product releases including Optiphot and Labophot microscopes, Diaphot microscope, Optical optical Eclipse range, and finally DS and Coolscope camera series with the advent of digital sensors. With the acquisition of Metris in 2009 the Nikon Metrology division was born. Nikon Metrology products include a complete range of 2D & amp; 3D, optical, tactile, non-contact, and X-Ray Metrology solutions ranging from nanometer resolution to microscopic samples to m resolutions in large enough volume for commercial aircraft homes.

Nikon Metrology Products

• Machine-Coordinate Measuring
  • Bridge, Gantry and Horizontal Arm CMMs
  • Digital/Analog Tactile and/or Non-Contact Optical sensors
• Portable weapons - 6 and 7 axis models
• Laser Scanning - Optical Line Scanners in Single Line and Multi-line configurations (Cross Scanner)
• X-ray-and-CT-Inspection
• Video-Microscope-Measuring - Optical Probe and Multi-Sensor options available
• Microscope-System
• Large Volume System
• Application Software - several options are available depending on specific applications and hardware.
  • CMM-Manager - 3D multi-sensor Metrology software for third party CMM, Articulated Arms, and Nikon video measurement system
  • Automeasure, NIS Elements, E-Max, Automeasure Eyes - 2D/3D imaging software for use on Nikon video measurement systems
  • Focus, CMM-Manager, CAMIO - Software for 3D Metrology

src: cdn-7.nikon-cdn.com

Other products

Nikon also produces eye equipment, loupes, monoculars, telescope binoculars, microscopes, laser range gauges, microscopy cameras, optical and video-based measuring devices, scanners and steppers for the manufacture of integrated circuits and liquid crystal displays, and semiconductor device inspection equipment. The steppers and scanners represent about one-third of the revenue for the company in 2008. Nikon also manufactures sunglasses, sunglasses, and eyeglass frames, under the brands of Nikon, Niji, Nobili-Ti, Presio, and Velociti VTI.

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Cultural reference

• Singer Paul Simon referred to Nikon Camera in his 1973 song "Kodachrome."
• Dexter Morgan, the main character from the Showtime series Dexter , can be viewed using a Nikon camera throughout the show.
• In the movie Hacker , the "Lord Nikon" character gets its alias due to its photographic memory.
• In the lyrics of Oak Ridge Boys "American Made", references to Nikon Cameras are made ("I have a Nikon camera, Sony color tv").
• In the movie "The French Connection", drug dealer gave his girlfriend Nikon F..
• In the movie "The Most Beautiful" by Akira Kurosawa, the scene "East Asian Optical Company" was filmed at the Nippon Kogaku factory in Totsuka, Yokohama, Japan.

src: kenrockwell.com

Awards and acknowledgments

Nikon is ranked 134th among the most trusted brands in India according to the 2012 Brand Trust Report, a study conducted by Trust Research Advisors. In the Brand Trust Report 2013, Nikon ranks 28th among the most trusted brands in India and then, according to the 2014 Brand Trust Report, Nikon is ranked 178th among the most trusted brands in India.

src: upload.wikimedia.org

See also

src: upload.wikimedia.org

Notes and references

src: cdn.fstoppers.com

External links

• Official website
• Nikon 100th Anniversary - Anniversary Site
• I am a Nikon blog
• Nikon Metrology
• Nikon Lens Reviews
• CMM-Manager

Source of the article : Wikipedia