Drifting is a driving technique in which the driver deliberately oversteers, with traction loss in the rear wheel or all the tires, while maintaining control and driving the car through the entire angle. Drifting the car is caused when the back slip angle is larger than the front slip angle, such that often the front wheel points in the opposite direction to the turn (eg the car turns to the left, the wheel is pointing to the right or vice versa, also known as opposite or counter-steering keys ).
As a motor discipline, drifting competitions were first popularized in the 1970s of Japan, and today are held around the world and are judged according to the speed, angle, showmanship and lines taken through angles or series of angles. The desired line is usually dictated by a judge or judge, describing the desired line as well as highlighting important areas, such as clipping zones, clipping points and touching and going areas.
Video Drifting (motorsport)
History
Origin
Japan is the birthplace of drifting. It's most popular in all Japan Touring Championship championships. The famous biker, Kunimitsu Takahashi, was the creator of the drifting technique of the 1970s. This earned him several championships and a number of fans who enjoyed the spectacle of smoking tires. The racing tires of the 1960s and 1980s gave the driving style with a high slip angle. When professional drivers in Japan drive in this way, so do street racers.
Keiichi Tsuchiya, known as "Drift King" ??????? , Dorifutokingu ) , became very interested in Takahashi's drift technique. Tsuchiya began practicing his skills on the Japanese mountain roads, and quickly gained a reputation among the racing crowd. In 1987, several popular car magazines and garage tuning agreed to produce Tsuchiya's skill drifting video. The video, known as Pluspy , became a hit and inspired many professional drifting drivers on the current circuit. In 1988, along with Option magazine's founder and editor-in-chief Daijiro Inada, he helped organize one of the first special events for drifting called the D1 Grand Prix. He also floated every turn at the Tsukuba Circuit in Japan.
Popularity
One of the earliest recorded drift events outside of Japan was in 1996, held at Willow Springs Raceway in Willow Springs, California, hosted by Japanese drifting magazines and organizations. Option . Daijiro Inada (founder of Grand Prix D1 Japan), NHRA Fun drum racer Kenji Okazaki, and Keiichi Tsuchiya gave a demonstration on the Nissan 180SX brought by Japan magazine. Rhys Millen and Bryan Norris are two of the newcomers. Drifting has subsequently exploded into motorsport forms in North America, Australia, Asia and Europe.
Drifting has evolved into a competitive sport where riders compete (almost exclusively in rear wheel cars) to gain points from judges based on various factors. At the top level of the competition, the D1 Grand Prix in Japan pioneered the sport. Others such as IDC (Irish Drift Championship) in Ireland, Formula D in USA, World Drift GP previous Drift Allstars, King of Europe and British Drift Championship in Europe, WDS in China, RDS in Russia, Formula Drift Asia in Malaysia/Singapore/Thailand/Indonesia, Drift NZ Series in New Zealand, the Australian Drifting Grand Prix and the Drift Greek Championship (Drift Wars) have come to expand it into legitimate sport bikes around the world. Drivers in this series are able to keep their cars sliding for a long time, often connecting multiple rounds.
Maps Drifting (motorsport)
Drift Competition
The drifting competition is judged by line, angle, speed, style and performance factor. The line involves taking the right line, which is usually announced before by a judge. The performance factor is based on many things, such as the amount of smoke, how close the car is to the wall or the specified clipping point, reacts to the crowd. The angle is the angle of a car and more important is the spinning wheel, the speed is the speed entering the bend, the speed through the turn, and the speed that comes out of the turn; The sooner the better. The force is judged on a combination of speed-to-angle during initiation, how the car's fluid is visible along the way, and how committed the driver is through training. Speed-to-angle is how fast during initiation or Furidashi (????: start point) and transitions or Furikaeshi ( ???: transfer) car to the sliding corner. Fluidity is how smooth a driver maneuveres their cars around the field, taking into account the number of corrections the driver uses through the turn (s), and smoothness with the transition of the car from one angle to the next. Commitment is about how much speed the driver is exercising, and the driver's self-confidence and dedication shows when approaching the edges and track obstacles. It is the faster the driver can come to the corner, the faster and the angle they can carry through the course, the less correction they apply through the course and the closer they drive to the edge or the track obstacle, the higher the style score.
Judging takes place in only a small part of the circuit, multiple connecting angles that give a good look, and opportunities for drifting. The remaining circuits are irrelevant, unless they relate to tire temperature control and car regulation for the first curve assessed. In the tandem track, the main driver (in the main car, Senko ) often forge their entry into the first corner to disrupt the chase driver (in a chase car, Atooi ), but in some series Europe, this practice is condemned by the judges and is considered a dirty game, resulting in a reduction of points.
There are usually two sessions - the qualifying/training session, and the last session. In the qualifying session, referred to as Tans? (solo run) , drifters get an individual card in front of the jury (who may or may not be the final judge) to try to make the final 16. This often happens on the day before the final.
Final is a tandem pass, called as Tsuis? (??: chasing race) . The driver is paired, and each heat consists of two tracks, with each driver taking a turn to lead. The best of the eight heats goes to the next four, to the next two, to the final. Street mail is assessed as described above, but there are some provisions such as:
- Overtaking a lead car under deviation conditions is OK if the chasing car does not interfere with the movement of the main car.
- Overtaking a lead car under grip conditions automatically cancels the feed.
- Spin off is lost, unless the other driver also spins.
- The smoke level of the tires.
- Increase excellence in drift conditions helps win the bait.
- Maintaining a short distance while chasing drift conditions helps win the bait.
Points are awarded for each pass, and usually one driver applies. Sometimes the judge disagrees, or can not decide, or the vocal crowd disagrees with the judge's decision. In such cases, more trajectories can run until the winner is generated. Sometimes mechanical failure determines the outcome of combat, either during or before heat. If a car can not enter a tandem battle, the remaining participants (who automatically advance) will grant a single demonstration permit. In terms of walking that seems to be close or bound, the crowd often shows their desire to run away with a 'once again' shout.
There are several regional variations. For example in Australia, the chase car is judged on how accurately this car emulates drift of the main car, rather than being assessed on its own - this is only considered by the jury if the main car is in the racing of the line. Another variation of the tansou/tsuiso and other tansou methods is the multi-car group assessment, seen in the Tengoku Drift video where four car teams are rated in groups.
The D1GP drift series has been prototyping and fine-tuning an electronic rating system based on a custom sensor that records and transmits car data to a computer that judges the run. The system is also being tested in several European series. It is designed to eliminate the subjectivity and/or predisposition of judges. Typically tracks for the system are split into sections (usually three) and the system automatically generates scores based on the speed, angle, and fluidity of drivers in each section, combining scores for final scores. In certain situations, a judge may change or reject a score, which occurs, though rarely.
European King Drift ProSeries has developed its own Telemetry System, which uses GPS data to accurately measure speed, angle and line, thus leading to highly objective results for qualifying sessions. [1]
Car
Drift cars are usually a coupe and light-to-medium rear-wheel drive sedan, offering a large power range. There are also all-wheel drive (AWD) cars that have been converted to rear-wheel drive like Subaru WRX, Toyota Avensis as Scion tC, Mitsubishi EVO, and Nissan GT-R. At the beginning of AWD cars without conversion allowed in some drifting competitions, usually rules only allow a certain percentage of the power to be sent to the front wheels, but banned in most (if not all) drifting competitions today.
Despite the export of Japanese Domestic Market (JDM) vehicles to continents outside Japan, drifters in other countries prefer to use local examples as drift cars.
The high volume of JDM imports is brought to countries like Australia and New Zealand, but it is not uncommon to see Australian/New Zealand domestic vehicles such as Holden Commodore or Ford Falcon being used in drifting competitions.
The American market sees the relatively high volume of JDM cars imported over the last decade, although Japanese domestic vehicles use only the right car. Locally-sold imports such as the Lexus SC and Nissan 240SX feature greatly in American drifting, but they are usually modified with JDM engines to reflect their Japanese domestic equivalents (usually with Toyota 1JZ-GTE/2JZ-GTE or Nissan CA18DET/SR20DET/RB26DETT respectively. respectively).
In the UK there is a high level of Japanese imports used in the drifting scene, in part because the UK shares the right-hand drive layout with Japan. However, these cars are often more expensive than the UK car market, partly because of the cost of imports. There are many British and European models that are used as drift cars as well, older BMWs stand out because of their cost and availability, with the Volvo 300 series and Ford Sierras also proving popular.
For example, the top 15 cars in D1GP 2003, the top 10 in D1GP 2004, and the top 10 in D1GP 2005 are:
In the Formula Drift Professional series, a variety of cars ranging from highly tuned Japanese cars that reflect the original style of drifting, to all new models and ages. Since there are no limitations on the power limit in this series, it is not uncommon for competitors to use different power plants. Popular variations of Chevrolet "LS" engines are often seen bolted to the Japanese frame.
In the King's Drift Series, the main professional drift series in Europe, the BMW model has long occupied the premises, winning event after event, year after year. The most successful models including the E30, E36 and E46, which also present benefits from a cost standpoint, are becoming more affordable than their Japanese competitors. For several years, the BMW V8 engine swap is the most popular, providing a healthy 300 to 400 horsepower output. However, with the ongoing evolution of sport, it has now become obsolete, paving the way for a stronger American V8 engine or the 2JZ-GTE swap engine.
Top cars in Red Bull Drifting Championship:
For the year 2017, the top cars that participate in Formula Drift are: Nissan 370Z, Nissan Silvia S14, Nissan Silvia S15, Toyota GT86, BMW E46, Ford Mustang, Mazda MX-5.
Drift Tune
Drivetrain
Mechanical limited slip differential (LSD) is considered essential for drifting. Drifting with open or condensed differentials in sustainable slides generally produces relatively less impressive results. All other modifications are secondary to LSD.
The preferred form of LSD for drifting is the coupling type, in the form of "two-way", for consistent and aggressive lockup behavior in all conditions (acceleration and deceleration). Some drift cars use "differential" spools, which actually have no differential action at all - the wheels are locked to each other. A budget-minded person can use a welded differential, in which the side gears are welded to give the same effect as a coil. This makes it easy to break the rear traction as it reduces maximum traction in all situations except traveling in a straight line. The welded differential has an inherent risk involved: due to the amount of internal stress, the weld may fail and the differential is completely locked so that the rear wheels can not move. Helical torque-sensing distortions such as Torsen or Quaife (available on cars with certain trims such as S15, FD3S, MX-5, JZA80, UZZ3x) are also adequate. It is very common for drifters to change the ratio of the final tooth depending on the type of track layout.
The grip on the drift car tends to be a very difficult ceramic brass key or multi-plate varieties for durability, as well as to allow quick "clutch kick" techniques to disrupt the balance of the car. Gearboxes and engine stands are often replaced with urethane or aluminum holder, and silencers are added to control the movement of hard engines and gearboxes under these conditions. The driveshafts are often replaced with carbon fiber drive shafts as they offer the highest rotational mass saving as well as being stronger than other alternative metals, and flexible enough to absorb and eliminate vibrations, thus easing the load on the gear box as well as the rest of the drivetrain.
The gear set can be replaced with a closer ratio to keep the engine in the power band, or, on some cars that generate enough power and torque for the transmission of the same four gears used on NASCAR (such as Andrews four-speed dog box Vaughn Gittin Jr , running in its 2016 Mustang with more open tooth ratio, this limits the amount of shift that the driver should make during their run.This may be a more rugged abrasive cutting tool than a synchronized helical tooth, for durability and shifting faster at the expense of noise and enhancement.Higher Drifter may use a sequential gearbox to make gear selection easier and faster, while a sequential shift lever adapter can be used to make shifts easier without increasing shift time.
Steering and suspension
The steering angle is also important when the driver is running. The first stage of this modification is usually a modified or upright steering wheel. The control arm extension can be used on MacPherson strut vehicles such as the Nissan S-Chassis, to allow for more permits for higher steering angles. Companies such as Wisefab, Driftworks, IRP (Individual Racing Parts), Voodoo13, and Parts Shop MAX have developed a complete lock device including modifications of the vehicle's original scrub radius, the kingpin axis, the Ackermann angle, the number of bump bumps, caster angles, and kinematics as to maximize grip and remove mechanical bonds at steering angles of more than 60 °. While MacPherson struts vehicles that are prevalent in the drifting profession, double wishbone suspension vehicles can also compete, with caster and camber curves often better.
Spring and damper speed (shock absorbers) are also set to a higher level of skill, depending on the path layout.
Typically, special drifting cars are modified to eliminate the "Ackermann steering geometry", which is included in almost all production cars. While Ackermann's geometry is helpful in making cars easier, it inhibits the ability to shift sideways on the full keys required to compete in drifting.
Cockpit
Due to the high centrifugal forces encountered during drifting, drivers are usually maintained by the racing seats and utilize five points. This allows the hand to just turn the wheel, instead of strengthening the body in a chair. The same goes for the legs, which are free to move quickly between the clutch pedals, brakes and accelerators. The steering wheel is usually relatively small, dished, and perfectly round, so it can be removed and allowed to rotate through the hand when the caster returns the front wheel to the center. The locking knob on the handbrake is usually replaced with a swivel knob; this stops the hand brake lock when pulled. Almost all drivers move the location of the handbrake or add extra hydraulic hand brake actuators for greater braking force. Additional gauges used to monitor the level of increase, oil pressure and temperature, temperature of intake and coolant, air-fuel ratio (also called ?, or "lambda" ratio), etc. Some drivers, especially in larger cars, move the seating position for better weight distribution, such as Daigo Saito 2014 JZX100 Mk.II Chaser.
Ban
In the United States, competitive riders are required to run a DOT approved tire (road legal) similar to slick racing in rubber compositions, but with shallow footprint included. This is permitted, with the exception of several major championships including D1GP and Formula Drift which only permit commercially available tires approved by a sanctioning agency. Professional drifting has reached the point where the grip is tuned into the car to be defeated. It makes the faster irregularities necessary in today's professional climate. Tires are typically used by drifters around DOT treadwear rating 200. Examples include Hankook Ventus RS-3, Falken Azenis RT615K, Nitto NT05, Yokohama ADVAN Neova AD08R, and Achilles Radial 123s. Several other companies from Asia are also beginning to develop their technology through professional driver sponsorship. These companies include Nankang [2], Westlake [3] and Zestino [4]. Tires are often modified with letters to give them a more customized look.
R/C drifting
R/C drifting refers to the drifting action with a radio controlled car. The R/C car is equipped with a special low grip tire, usually made of PVC or ABS pipe. Some manufacturers make radial drift tires made from actual rubber compounds. The car's settings are usually changed to allow the car to drift more easily. R/C drifting is most successful on 4/4 wheel drive R/C Companies such as Tamiya, Yokomo, MST, Team Associated, and Hobby Products International have made drift cars and support the hobby.
In media
Movies
One of the main sources responsible for international drifting is the Japanese anime series Initial D , featuring Takumi Fujiwara, a high school student learning to drift at Mt. Akina touge (mountain pass) using a specially tuned Toyota Trueno AE86. This series features a large number of Japanese performance vehicles including the Mazda RX-7, Nissan Skyline, Toyota Supra, Toyota MR-2, Mazda MX-5 and many other vehicles. [5]
Hollywood embraced a subculture that drifted in the film The Fast and the Furious: Tokyo Drift , which described drifting.
The character of Paul Newman, Doc Hudson, an Extraordinary Chronicle of 1951 in Cars (2006), uses drifting techniques on a dirt track in the desert to demonstrate his skills to a skeptical novice, NASCAR, Lightning McQueen.
Computer games and consoles
The popularity of Drifting in computer games extends back to the early arcade racers where techniques for games like Sega Rally and Ridge Racer were drifting. This technique is now considered major in modern games in all its forms. In-game communities have developed games like Assetto Corsa , Forza Motorsport and Gran Turismo , consisting of teams that fought in user-generated tournaments..
Drifting also features greatly in the franchise Need for Speed ​​(especially games since Need for Speed: Underground ), Grid, franchise Juiced > and in Japanese domestic console games such as Initial D: Extreme Stage (PS3), which is based only on drifting.
Drifting and related techniques from Powersliding are featured in the Mario Kart franchise, where a successful drift or powerslide in the corner will reward players with a short nitro oxide push known as a "mini-turbo". Similar gameplay mechanics also exist in games from the Asphalt series, where drifting and other fast vehicle maneuvers are recurring themes.
Browser-based games include NZ Performance Cars Drift Legends (the first online game featuring real racetracks, now moved to iPhone/iPod touch) and Mercedes-AMG Wintersport Drift Competition] the first drifting game supported by the manufacturer). Drifting games for mobile devices are available from major developers and independent studios.
Documentary
High Performance Import. Volume 10 features Australian journalists from published publications, and Australian professional drifter Darren Appleton who travels to Japan, buys drift vehicles (Nissan R32 GTS-T four doors), travels with people like D1 champions and enters the drift event.
In 2011 Phil Morisson and James Robinson of Driftworks embarked on a journey to Japan where they will be filming a documentary about the local drifting scene, which will be publicly known as "Outsiders". [6]
See also
- The opposite key
- Tafheet - an illegal street that flies in Arab countries.
References
External links
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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