"They have poked my hands and feet" is a phrase that occurs in several English translations of Psalms 22:16 (Psalm 21:17 in the Greek Septuagint and Latin Vulgate). The Hebrew text of the Bible is unclear at this point, and Jews and some Christian commentators translate this line differently, although there is no evidence of deliberate translation.
Video They have pierced my hands and my feet
Teks Mazmur 22:16 (21:17)
This verse, which is Psalm 22:17 in Hebrew number, is read in the Masoretic Text as: ???? ??? ?????, which can be read literally as "like lions, hands and feet". Full text from Masoretic writings reads: ?? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ??????
When translated into English, the syntactic form of this Hebrew phrase seems to lack a verb. In this context the phrase is generally described in the early rabbinic paraphrase as "they bite like a lion, my hands and my feet".
The Septuagint, a Jewish translation of the Hebrew Bible into Koine Greek made before the General Era, has a ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ("they have dug my hands and feet"), which Christian commentators can be understood in the general sense of being "stabbed". This reading was kept by Saint Jerome in his Greek translation of Hexapla into his Gallican Psalter Latin ( Foderunt manus meas et pedes meos ) inserted into the Vulgate and Divine Office.
Aquila from Sinope, a 2nd century CE Greek converted to Christianity and then to Judaism, performed two translations of the Psalms from Hebrew to Greek. First, he makes the verse "they damage my hands and feet"; in the second he revised this into "they have tied my hands and feet".
The Jewish Publication Society translates the phrase "Like a lion, they are in my hands and feet".
Maps They have pierced my hands and my feet
English translation
Some English translations, especially those translated by or for the Christian community, translate the text as: "They have pierced my hands and feet" even though the English translations are not uniform in this translation. Versions translated outside the Christian circle, such as the Jewish Publication Society and The Judaica Press, use different English translations based on the Hebrew text instead of Greek.
The Vespasian Psalms uses dulfun , from the powerful Old English verb delfan (for digging). Wycliffe Bible of 1395 uses delueden , alternative spellings "delveden", past participle of powerful Western English verb delven . Modern English uses the weak end of the English form, "delve". The ancient meaning of "delved" is to dig or dig, a literal translation of the Latin term Vulgate foderunt (from Jerome Hexaplar Psalms), from fodio , I dig. Miles Coverdale in 1535, possibly influenced by the German translation of Luther as durchgraben (digging, penetrating), choosing edged ; and this has been maintained in most subsequent English versions.
Explanations and interpretations
Rashi follows the Masoretic Text and paraphrases the phrase as "like a lion (they persecute) my hands and feet." Rashi bases his translation of Psalm 22: 16/17 on other uses of the phrase (??????) ka'ari throughout the biblical text. Rashi quotes Isaiah 38:13, where the translators uniformly make ???????? as "as/as a lion".
If the Masoretic Text is written ???????? as phrase: prefix ??? which indicates "like" or "as", and ??? "lion". The form of the word variant for the lion (????) arie occurs twice in Psalm 22, in verses 13/14 and 21/22.
To explain how different translations of the biblical text appear, Gregory Vall, a professor of Christian Religious Studies at Trinity Western University, speculated that the Septuagint translators were confronted with; ie as in the Masoretic text, but ends with a longer letter vav (? ) than the shorter yod (? ), give ???? ka'aru . This is not a Hebrew word, but without aleph it becomes ???, "dug", "mined", or "dug". Bible and Hebrew scholars, such as Brent Strawn, support the reading of Masoretic Texts on ???? ("lion"), based on textual analysis (ie the derivative of the word "lion" appears many times in the psalm and is a common metaphor in the Hebrew Bible), as well as its appearance in almost every ancient Hebrew text. The exception to this is the Psalms fragment from Nahal Hever, where the word is written as ????, ka'aru , which becomes "unearthed" when omitting aleph, as Vall had previously speculated. These findings are questioned by Nahal Hever scribe many other false spellings, like one in the same sentence, where ???? written not the right ???, make a Hebrew word ??? yadai "my hand" becomes ???? yadeha , "his hand".
In Peter Craigie's view, "MT's ??????? ('like a lion') presents many problems and is almost impossible to correct." Reading consonantal text ???? or ???, he says that the Septuagint "they pierced my hands and feet" (??????) "may possibly suppose the verbs ???, 'to dig,' or ???, 'to penetrate, bore'. " Craigie notes an alternative possibility for a verb ????? ("to pluck, choose clean"), or "crash, wrinkle", but follow E. J. Kissane's proposal about the original text ???, "consumed", converted into ??? (pay attention to the occasional exchange? and?), with the nuances of "my hands and feet are gone".
Their "piercing" translation is preferred by many Christian commentators on its christological implications. For example, Craig Blomberg, commenting on satire to Psalm 22 in the Gospel of Matthew, includes "he is surrounded by unreflecting people (22: 16a) who pierced his hands and feet (22: 16b)" among "the surprising number of close parallels with the crucifixion of Jesus ". However, the phrase is not quoted directly in the New Testament, although the Greek Septuagint is "unearthed" which might be considered to depict the piercing of Jesus' hands and feet.
See also
- Psalm 22
References
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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