Neutral spine

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A neutral spine or good posture refers to "three natural curves [present] in a healthy spine." Looking directly in front or back of the body, 33 vertebrae in the spine will appear completely vertical. From the side view, the cervical (spine) area of ​​the spine (C1-C7) is bent inward, the thoracic region (T1-T12) bends outward, and the lumbar (lower back) (L1-L5) region bends into the. Sacrum (spinal region) (S1-S5 fused) and coccyx (average 4 fusions) rest between the pelvic bones. A neutral pelvis denotes the superior anterior iliac spine and the symphysis pubis falls on the same vertical line.

Video Neutral spine

Natural posture and curvature

The word posture comes from the Latin verb ponere , which means "place or place." The general concept of human posture refers to "the whole body transport, posture, or limb position (arm and leg)."

New World Medical Dictionary Webster defines neutral posture as attitudes achieved when the joint is not bent and the spine is parallel and not bent The neutral posture has given birth to the idea of ​​achieving an "ideal posture" The ideal posture shows proper alignment of the body segment in such a way that the least amount of energy is required to maintain the desired position.The advantage to achieving this ideal position is that at least the amount of stress placed on body tissues.In this case a person can fully and optimally achieve balance and proportion of body mass and skeleton work, based on its physical limitations, good posture optimizes breathing and affects the circulation of body fluids.

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Postural stability

Currently, there are three main hypotheses that show how humans maintain postural stability when standing:

1. Ankle joint stiffness : The stiffness model was first introduced by Winter et al., in 1998, and stated that the simple stiffness of the ankle muscle accounts to control balance during a quiet stand. The ankle muscle rigidity is determined experimentally by summing the left and right torque (or torque) moments about the ankle and dividing it by the sway angle (the angle at which the center of the mass is displaced from the center of pressure). It is found in analytic and experimental data (using human subjects) that there is a linear relationship between moments about the ankle muscles and the angle of wobble. In addition, the stiffness (ie the total moment divided by the angle of wobble) is found to be very close to 1, showing the similarity between the ankle joint and the perfect spring.
2. As the ankle muscle arm : Currently the ankle muscle hypothesis for postural stability was first developed in 1993 by Young et al. and is particularly noticeable in cats, although it is speculated that the mechanism may also be present in humans. Results obtained from Young et al. shows that in the cat's ankle joints, many of the muscles have a dominant moment arm about axis abduction/abduction. The smaller moment arm is found in inversion and about the main axis of motion, dorsoflection/extension. In addition, Young et al. shows that the magnitude of the arm moment in the abduction/adduction and inversion/eversion is highly dependent on the angle of the joint. As the angle of the joint moves further away from the neutral axis, the magnitude of the weapon moment also increases. Such findings suggest that, at least in cats, this antagonistmuscular agonist coactivation is used for immediate stabilization in posture.
3. Proprioception : Proprioception means "sense of self". In the legs, proprioceptors are sensors that provide information about joint angle, muscle length, and tension, which is integrated to provide information about the position of limbs in space. For postural stability, it has been suggested that stretching receptors may contribute to immediate stabilization in posture. However, researchers have found a weak correlation between the muscle length and angle of the ankle joint, suggesting that stretching reflexes may not be a major contributor to postural stability. In addition, there is about 30 ms delay between stretch receptor responses to muscle length changes, which further supports the idea that receptor strain may not have a major contribution to postural stability. However, this should not rule out the role of all proprioceptors in maintaining postural stability in humans.

Although these are the three main hypotheses, of course there is always the possibility that there is a combination of all the mechanisms that ultimately allow humans to maintain postural stability during quiet standing. In addition, it is important to remember that there are also many physiological factors such as weight, internal noise for muscles, etc. Who might come into play when trying to understand the factors that contribute to postural stability.

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Posture abnormality

In medicine and work related to physical fitness, the concept of a good posture is called a "neutral spine." In this context, proper posture or "neutral spine," is the precise alignment of the body between the extreme postural. The deviation from the neutral alignment is identified as excessive curvature or curvature reduction. Rarely this deviation in curvature occurs in only one field; however, they are usually referred to in this way. In the anterior/posterior view, deviation from vertical results in the abnormal lateral curvature of the spine is called scoliosis. In the sagittal view, excessive curvature in the cervical region is cervical lordosis, in the thoracic kyphosis thoracic region, and in lumbar lumbar lumbar. Curvature reduction is usually called flat back if present in the thoracic region and lumbar kyphosis if present in the lumbar region. In posture analysis, the spine is compared with a perpendicular line to detect the abnormality. From the anterior/posterior view of this perpendicular line must be running vertically below the center line of the body dividing it symmetrically to the right and left showing even the weight distribution on the left and right sides. From the sagittal view, the perpendicular line must halve the ear, the odontoid process C2, the cervical vertebral body, the center of the glenohumeral joint, the lumbar vertebral body, the center of the acetabulum, just posterior to the patella, and through the tarsal of the foot. This sagittal reference line theoretically indicates equal weight between the front and back of the body.

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Measuring abnormalities

Scoliosis is well established and even evaluated at an early age. These are usually measured using the standard Cobb corner method. This method consists of measuring the degree of deformity with the angle between two successive vertebrae. The Cobb method was accepted by the Scoliosis Research Society (SRS) in 1966. It serves as a standard method for quantification of scoliosis deformities. Deviation of the sagittal sagittal posture such as cervical and lumbar lordosis and thoracic kyphosis can not yet be quantified because of significant inter-individual variability in normal sagittal clouding. The Cobb method is also one of the first techniques used to measure sagittal deformity. As a 2D measurement technique has limitations and new techniques are being proposed for this curvature measurement. Recently, 3D imaging techniques using computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) have been tried. These techniques are promising but lack the reliability and validity needed to be used as a reference for clinical purposes.

Rating postures also become very popular in many practical environments such as personal training and setting sport conditions. The need for a reliable method for posture assessment as a screening tool is guaranteed. Current available programs such as those through the National Posture Institute (NPI) and Posture Print are recommended for practical arrangements but cost close to $ 1000 and are clearly a beneficial fraud by individuals who are totally unconcerned with human well-being.

The chronic deviation of the neutral spine causes improper posture, increases stress on the back and causes discomfort and damage. People who sit for hours at work are vulnerable to misalignment.

"Neutral spine" is ideally maintained when sitting, standing, and sleeping.

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See also

• Alexander's Technique
• Physical fitness
• Bad posture
• Rolfing Structure Integration
• The squat position

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References

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External links

• Patient Guide for Rehabilitation for Lower Back Pain: Understanding the Neutral Spine Position. University of Maryland Medical Spine Program, June 19, 2008.
• Sit straight 'bad for the back'. BBC News, 28 November 2006
• Does Bad Posture Cause Back Pain? Better Movement

Source of the article : Wikipedia