Instructions per second

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The instructions per second ( IPS ) is a measure of the speed of the computer processor. For CISC computers, different instructions require different times, so the value measured depends on the instructional mix; even to compare processors in the same family, IPS measurements can cause problems. Many reported IPS values ​​have represented a "peak" execution rate in a sequence of artificial instructions with multiple branches and no cache contrast, whereas realistic workloads typically lead to significantly lower IPS values. The memory hierarchy also greatly affects the performance of the processor, a problem that is hardly considered in IPS calculations. Due to this problem, synthetic benchmarks like Dhrystone are now commonly used to estimate computer performance in commonly used applications, and raw IPS has fallen into disuse.

The term is usually used in relation to numerical values ​​such as thousand/kilo instructions per second ( TIPS/KIPS ), million instructions per second ( MIPS ), and billion instructions per second ( GIPS ).

Video Instructions per second

Computing

IPS dapat dihitung menggunakan persamaan ini:

${\ displaystyle {\ text {IPS}} = {\ teks {soket}} \ kali {\ frac {\ text {cores}} {\ text {socket}}} \ times {\ text {clock}} \ times {\ frac {\ text {Is}} {\ text {cycle}}}}  ÂÂ$

However, the instruction/measurement cycle depends on the sequence of instructions, data and external factors.

Hints per cycle

See "Instruction per cycle" (IPC for various processors).

Maps Instructions per second

Thousands of instructions per second (TIPS/KIPS)

Before standard is available, the average computer speed rating is based on calculations for instruction mixes with results given in kilo Instructions Per Second (kIPS). The most famous is the Gibson Mix , produced by Jack Clark Gibson from IBM for scientific applications. Other ratings, such as ADP blends that do not include floating point operations, are manufactured for commercial applications. A thousand instructions per second (kIPS) unit is rarely used today, as most current microprocessors can execute at least one million instructions per second. Millions of instructions per second (MIPS)

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Millions of instructions per second (MIPS)

The speed of a given CPU depends on many factors, such as the type of instruction being executed, the execution command and the existence of the branch instruction (problematic in the CPU pipe). The CPU instruction level differs from the clock frequency, usually reported in Hz, since each instruction may require several clock cycles to complete or the processor may be able to run several independent instructions simultaneously. MIPS can be useful when comparing performance between processors made with similar architectures (eg Microchip-branded microcontrollers), but they are difficult to compare between different CPU architectures. This led to the term "Index Without Performance Meaning" that was popular among technical people in the mid-1980s.

For this reason, MIPS is not a measure of instruction execution speed, but the speed of task performance is compared with reference. In the late 1970s, the performance of minicomputers was compared using the VAX MIPS , in which computers were measured on duty and their performance was assessed against VAX 11/780 marketed as 1 MIPS machine. (This measure is also known as the VAX Unit of Performance or VUP .) This is selected because 11/780 is roughly equivalent in performance to the IBM System/370 158-3 model, which is commonly accepted in the computing industry runs on 1 MIPS.

Many of the minicomputer performance claims are based on the Fortran version of the Whetstone benchmark, providing Millions of Second Fireplace Instructions (MWIPS). VAX 11/780 with FPA (1977) runs at 1.02 MWIPS.

The effective MIPS speed depends very much on the programming language used. The Whetstone report has a table showing PC MWIPS speeds through translators and initial compilers to modern languages. The first PC compiler was for BASIC (1982) when CPU 4.8 MHz 8088/87 obtained 0.01 MWIPS. Results at 2.4 GHz Intel Core 2 Duo (1 CPU 2007) vary from 9.7 MWIPS using BASIC Interpreter, 59 MWIPS through BASIC Compiler, 347 MWIPS using 1987 Fortran, 1,534 MWIPS via HTML/Java to 2,403 MWIPS using C Compiler modem/C.

For the earliest 8-bit and 16-bit microprocessors, performance is measured in thousand instructions per second (1000 KIPS = 1 MIPS).

zMIPS refers to the size of MIPS used internally by IBM to assess mainframe servers (zSeries, IBM System z9, and IBM System z10).

Weighted a million operations per second (WMOPS) are the same size, used for audio codecs.

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The instruction timeline per second

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See also

• TOP500
• FLOPS - floating-point operations per second
• SUPS
• Benchmarks (computing)
• BogoMips (CPU speed measurement made by the Linux kernel)
• Hints per cycle
• Cycles per instruction
• Dhrystone (benchmark) - Integer DMIPS benchmark
• Grindstone (benchmark) - floating-point benchmark
• Million service units (MSU)
• Order size (computation)
• Per watt performance

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References

Source of the article : Wikipedia