Synthetic oil is a lubricant composed of artificially made chemical compounds. Synthetic lubricants can be produced using chemically modified oil components rather than whole crude oil, but can also be synthesized from other raw materials.
Synthetic oils are used instead of petroleum-refined oil when operating in extreme temperatures. Aircraft jet engines, for example, require the use of synthetic oils, while aircraft piston engines do not. Synthetic oils are also used in metal stamping to provide environmental and other benefits when compared to conventional petroleum and fat-based products. These products are also referred to as "non-oil" or "oil-free".
Video Synthetic oil
Type
Complete
Some "synthetic" oils are made from the base stock of Group III, some from Group IV. Some of the blend of both. The car sued Castrol and Castrol win in showing that their basic Group III oil stocks were sufficiently changed to qualify as fully synthetic. Since then API has removed all references to Synthetics in their standard documentation. "Synthetic control" is a marketing term and not a measurable quality.
Group Group IV: PAO
Poly-alpha-olefin (or poly-olefin, abbreviated PAO) is a polymer made by polymerizing alpha-olefins. They are designated in API Group IV and are 100% synthetic chemical compounds. This is a special type of olefin (organic) used as a base stock in the production of some synthetic lubricants. Alpha-olefin (or? -olefin) is an alkene in which carbon-carbon double bonds begin in carbon atoms, ie double bonds between carbon atoms # 1 and # 2 in molecules.
Group Group V: Other Synthetics
The V Group base oil is defined by the API as another type of oil other than mineral oil or PAO lubricant.
Esther is the most famous synthetic in Group V, which is a 100% synthetic chemical compound consisting of carbonyls adjacent to the ether relationship. They are derived by reacting oxsoacid with a hydroxyl compound such as alcohol or phenol. Esters usually come from inorganic acids or organic acids in which at least one-OH (hydroxyl) group is replaced by group -O-alkyl (alkoxy) groups, most often from carboxylic acids and alcohols. That is, the ester is formed by condensing the acid with alcohol.
Many "esters" are chemically different because their lubrication is usually good for many reasons either as an "additive" or "base stock" for lubricants.
Semi-synthetic oil
Semi-synthetic oils (also called "synthetic blends") are a mixture of mineral oil and synthetic oils, engineered to have the most benefit of full-blown synthetic oil at no cost. Motul introduced the first semi-synthetic motor oil in 1966.
Lubricants that have a synthetic base stock are even lower than 30% but with high performance additives consisting of esters can also be considered synthetic lubricants. In general, the basic synthetic stock ratio is used to define commodity codes among customs declarations of tax purposes.
Other basic stocks help semi-synthetic lubricants
Basic shares of API Group II- and API Group III help formulate more semi-synthetic lubricants of economic type. The mineral oil shares of API Group I-, II-, II-, and III-type-minerals are widely used in combination with additive packages, performance packages, and ester and/or API Group IV poly alpha-olefins to formulate semi-lubricants synthetic based. The API Group III API base oil is sometimes considered Completely synthetic, but they are still classified as the highest upper-grade mineral-base stock. Synthetic Materials or Synthesis is one that is generated by combining or building individual units into an integrated entry. The synthetic base stock as described above is man-made and adapted to have a controlled molecular structure with predictable properties, unlike mineral base oil, which is a naturally occurring mixture of hydrocarbons and paraffin complexes.
Maps Synthetic oil
Performance
Benefits of using synthetic motor oil include:
- Higher and lower temperature viscosity performance better at extreme service temperatures
- Better (higher) Viscosity Index (VI)
- Better chemical and shear stability
- Reduced evaporative damage
- Resistance to oxidation, thermal damage, and oil sludge problems
- Extension of the drying interval, with environmental benefits from used waste oil produced
- Better lubrication during extreme cold weather begins
- Length of machine life is longer
- Superior protection against "ash" and other deposit formations at engine hot spots (especially in turbochargers and superchargers) to reduce oil burning and reduce possible damage to oil inlets.
- Increased horsepower and torque due to inadequate initial resistance to the machine [Technically incorrect; the truth is "less less horsepower and torque..."]
- Enhanced fuel efficiency - from 1.8% to 5% has been documented in the fleet test
- Research based on research shows that synthetic yields about 47% better than ordinary oil
However, synthetic motor oil is substantially more expensive (per volume) than mineral oil and has potential decomposition problems in certain chemical environments (especially in industrial use).
Oil needs to be changed as it is contaminated by combustion byproducts that accumulate at the same rate regardless of the type of oil.
Some vehicles require synthetic; Therefore, check your vehicle owner's manual to see what's recommended
See also
References
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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