In justice and law, house arrest (also called confinement of home , house arrest , or, in modern times, electronic monitoring ) is the measure by which a person is restricted by the authorities to stay. Travel is usually restricted, if allowed at all. House arrest is an alternative to jail time or teen detention time.
While house arrest can be applied to criminal cases when imprisonment does not seem to measure, this term is often applied to the use of home confinement as a measure of oppression by an authoritarian government against political dissidents. In this case, usually, persons under house arrest do not have access to any means of communication. If electronic communication is allowed, the conversation will most likely be monitored. With some electronic monitoring units, prisoners' conversations can be monitored directly through the unit itself.
Video House arrest
Histori
The judge has sentenced the house confinement, as an alternative prison, as far back as the 17th century. Galileo was locked up in his home after a famous trial in 1633. Political authorities often restricted the leaders to hold houses overthrown in coups, but this method was not widely used to restrict many common criminals.
This method did not become a vast alternative to imprisonment in the United States and other western countries until the late 20th century, when newly designed electronic monitoring tools made it cheaper and manageable by the correction authorities. Although Boston used house arrest for various arrangements, the first home court sentence with an electronic bracelet was in 1983.
Maps House arrest
Details
House arrest is an alternative to prison; the goal is to reduce recidivism and reduce the number of prisoners, thereby saving money for states and other jurisdictions. This is a correction to the mandatory penal code that greatly increases the level of detention in the United States. This allows qualified offenders to maintain or seek employment, maintain family relationships and responsibilities and attend rehabilitation programs that contribute to addressing the causes of their violations.
The terms of house arrest may vary, but most programs permit employed offenders to continue working, and restrict them only to where they live during non-working hours. Offenders are usually allowed to leave their homes for a particular purpose; examples may include visits to probation officers or police stations, religious services, education, attorney visits, court appearances, and medical appointments. Many programs also allow the convicted person to leave their residence during regular, pre-approved time to carry out general household duties, such as food and laundry expenses. Offenders may have to respond to communications from higher authorities to verify that they are at home when needed. Exceptions are often made to allow visitors to visit offenders.
The types of house arrest vary in severity according to the requirements of court orders. Curfew can limit perpetrators to their homes at certain times, usually during the hour of darkness. "House of confinement" or detainee requires an offender to remain at home at any time, apart from the above-mentioned exceptions. The most serious level of house arrest is "house detention", where an offender is restricted to live 24/7, except for court-approved treatment programs, court appearances, and medical appointments.
In some exceptional cases, it is possible for a person to be placed under house arrest without trial or legal representation, and subject to restrictions on their peers. In some countries, this type of detention without trial has been criticized for violating the rights of just offenders. In countries with authoritarian government systems, governments may use such measures to dampen dissent.
Using technology for enforcement
In some countries, house arrest is often enforced through the use of technology products or services. One method is an electronic sensor that is locked around the ankle's ankle (technically called an ankle monitor, also called a pinch). The electronic sensor transmits the GPS signal to the base handset. The basic handset is connected to a police station or a nonprofit monitoring service.
If the offender goes too far from their home, the violation is recorded, and the police will be notified. To prevent interference, many ankle monitors detect removal attempts. Monitoring services are often contracted out to private companies, which charge employees to electronically monitor multiple inmates simultaneously. If a violation occurs, the unit signals to the office or officer in charge immediately, depending on the degree of violation. Officer will call or verify the presence of participants. The monitoring service notifies the probation officer. Electronic surveillance along with frequent contacts with probation officers and checks by security guards provide a safe environment.
Another method of ensuring the compliance of house arrest is achieved through the use of an automated call service that does not require human contact to examine the offender. A random call is made to the residence. Respondents' answers are recorded and compared automatically with the perpetrator's voice. The authorities are only notified if a call is not answered or if the recorded answer does not match the perpetrator's voice pattern.
Electronic monitoring is considered as a very economical alternative to the cost of imprisoning offenders. In many states or jurisdictions, the convicted person is often asked to pay monitoring as part of his sentence.
Important example
Algeria
- Ahmed Ben Bella, a former Algerian President, was overthrown by Houari BoumÃÆ' Â © diÃÆ'¨nne in 1965. He was held under house arrest before being exiled in 1980. Argentina
- Jorge Videla, former Argentine President (detained by house arrest for just one term)
Australia
- Derryn Hinch, New Zealand media personality based in Melbourne, Australia; he was placed under house arrest for five months for violating a gag order by naming two sex offenders.
Myanmar Myanmar (Burma)
Aung San Suu Kyi, 1991 Nobel Peace Prize winner and leader of her country's pro-democracy movement, was sentenced to house arrest for most of the period from July 1989 to November 2010. After being released from her early confinement after six years in 1995 , he was convicted again and imprisoned in 2000. Two years later, he was again freed. He was sentenced and jailed for the third time under house arrest for his criticism of the government after the famous Depayin Massacre in 2003. After 14 years in prison, he was released to his dilapidated house in Rangoonhe. He had to serve another 18 months in prison, convicted by a county court in Burma in August 2009 after an American swam across Lake Inya to his home. The United Nations has declared all of its periods under house arrest as arbitrary and unfair. She was released on November 13, 2010.Cambodia
- Pol Pot, the former Prime Minister of Cambodia. He was ousted when Vietnam invaded Cambodia in 1978.
Chile
- On 5 January 2005, former dictator Augusto Pinochet was placed under house arrest on the orders of the Chilean Supreme Court.
People's Republic of China
The People's Republic of China continues to use soft detention, the traditional form of house arrest used by the Chinese Empire.
- Zhao Ziyang, who was ousted by the Secretary General of the Chinese Communist Party, was jailed for the last 16 years of his life after the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989. The Chinese Central Office of the Communist Party approved all of its movements outside his home; he is restricted to traveling quietly to various places in China and playing golf.
- Jiang Yanyong, the doctor who revealed the SARS incident in China. She was detained at home after asking the government to investigate the June 4 Tiananmen incident.
- Gendhun Choekyi Nyima, a reincarnation or Tulku of the Gelug sect of Tibetan Buddhism is recognized by the present Dalai Lama. The Chinese took him to custody and sentenced him to house arrest.
Chinese Republic
- Zhang Xueliang, Chiang Kai-shek ordered him sentenced to a detention center after the Xi'an Incident. Even after the Nationalist's withdrawal to Taiwan, he remained under house arrest until Chiang Ching-kuo's death in 1988.
Egypt
Ibn al-Haytham (Alhacen), an Iraqi scientist working in Egypt. In 1011, he pretended to be crazy for fear of angering the Egyptian caliph Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah. He was detained at the jailhouse until the death of Caliph in 1021.Hawaii
- The last Queen of Hawaii Liliuokalani persuaded the leaders of the Republic of Hawaii to turn her sentence into house arrest. He was locked up in the upstairs bedroom of the Iolani Palace until he was released in 1896.
Indonesia
- Soekarno, the first President of Indonesia. He was ousted in 1967 by General Suharto (see: Transition to the New Order).
- Suharto, the second President of Indonesia. He was placed under house arrest in 2000 for acts of corruption. But released in 2001 due to health problems
Iran
- Mohammad Mosaddegh, the former Prime Minister of Iran was ousted by a 1953 coup with the support of the United States. After three years of imprisonment, he was placed in house arrest until his death.
- Ayatollah Hossein-Ali Montazeri was sentenced to house arrest from 1997 to 2003.
- Mehdi Karroubi, influential Iranian reformist politician, democracy activist, mojtahed and chairman of the National Trust Party, Chairman of parliament from 1989 to 1992 and 2000 to 2004, and a presidential candidate in presidential elections in 2005 and 2009. He has been under house arrest since February 2011. Mir-Hossein Mousavi is an Iranian reformist politician, painter and architect who served as Iran's 79th and last Prime Minister from 1981 to 1989. He is a candidate for the 2009 presidential election. He has been under house arrest since February 2011.
- Googoosh is a famous Iranian singer and actress. After the Iranian Revolution he was under 21 years outlawed and assumed to be under house arrest for most of the time.
Italy
In Italy, house arrest (in Italian arresti domiciliari ) is a common practice to detain suspects, as an alternative to detention in prisons, and is also commonly practiced on criminals approaching the end of their prisons; for those whose health conditions do not allow lodging in a penitentiary, except for certain cases of very dangerous persons. In accordance with article 284 of the Criminal Code of Italy, house arrest is imposed by a judge, who orders the suspect to remain confined in a house, house, residence, private property, or healing place or other aid in which he may be accommodated at this time. If necessary, the judge may also prohibit any contact between the subject and anyone other than the person living with him or assisting him or her. If the subject can not take care of his or her life needs or if he is in absolute poverty, the judge may allow him to leave his home for an indispensable time to attend to the stated requirements. or to do the work. The prosecution and law enforcement may check at any time whether the subject, de facto is considered in a state of detention, obeying orders; breach of the provisions of house arrest immediately followed by transfer to the correctional facility. House arrests can not be applied to subjects found guilty of escaping in the previous five years.
The famous case: Erich Priebke, former SS captain, was criticized for war crimes (the Ardeatine massacre in Rome on 24 March 1944, when 335 Italian civilians were killed by Nazi occupation forces) to life in prison in 1996, spent under arrest home because of the last part of his life, from 1998 to 2013 (when he died at the age of 100 years).
New Zealand
When sentenced, a judge can sentence criminals to house arrest where they will receive short-term prison sentences (ie two years or less). Sentences of house arrest ranged from 14 days and 12 months; Offenders are limited to their approved residence 24 hours a day and can only leave with the permission of their probation officer.
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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