E-government

src: greenwatchbd.com

E-government (short for electronic government) is the use of electronic communication devices, computers, and the Internet to provide public services to citizens and others in a country or region. According to Jeong, 2007 this term consists of digital interaction between citizens and their government (C2G), between government and other government agencies (G2G), between government and citizens (G2C), between government and employees (G2E), and between government and business/commerces (G2B). The e-government delivery model can be broken down into the following categories: This interaction consists of citizens communicating with all levels of government (city, state/province, national, and international), facilitating citizen involvement in government using information and communication technology (ICT ) (such as computers and websites) and business process reengineering (BPR). Brabham and Guth (2017) interviewed third-party e-government tool designers in North America about the ideals of user interaction they build into their technology, which includes progressive values, ubiquitous participation, geolocation, and public education.

Video E-government

Terminology

E-government is also known as e-gov, electronic government, Internet governance, digital government, online government, connected government. In 2014 the OECD still uses the term digital government, and distinguishes it from e-government in the recommendations produced there for the Network on E-Government of the Public Governance Committee. Some governments have begun to use the term digital government for various services involving contemporary technology, such as large data, automation or predictive analysis.

Maps E-government

Definitions

The E-gov Strategy (or digital government ) is defined as "The worldwide use of the Internet and the web to provide government information and services to citizens." (UN, 2006; AOEMA, 2005). electronic governance (or e-government ) basically refers to "the utilization of Information Technology (IT), Information and Communication Technology (ICT), and other web-based telecommunication technologies. improve and/or improve the efficiency and effectiveness of service delivery in the public sector. " E-government promotes and enhances broad stakeholder contributions to national and community development, and deepens governance processes.

In electronic government systems, government operations are supported by web-based services. This involves the use of information technology, particularly the Internet, to facilitate communication between government and citizens.

src: www.msm-executive-education.nl

UN's e-Government Development Index

The Public Administration and Development Management Division (DPAPM) of the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UN-DESA) conducts a bi-annual e-government survey covering the section titled eGovernment Development Index (EGDI) . This is a comparative ranking of 193 countries in the world according to three key indicators: i) OSI - Online Services Index that measures the online presence of governments in terms of service delivery; ii) TII - Index of Telecommunication Infrastructure iii) HCI-Human Capital Index. Building models for digital service measurements, the Survey assessed 193 UN member states according to a composite index of quantitative e-government readiness based on website appraisal; telecommunication infrastructure and human resources.

A diverse group of 100 online volunteer researchers from around the world are involved with the United Nations Department of Economic Affairs (UN DESA) to process 386 research surveys conducted in 193 United Nations Member States for the UN E-Government Survey 2016. The nationality and language diversity of volunteers online - over 65 languages, 15 nationalities, half of them from developing countries - reflects the survey mission perfectly.

src: www.7iber.com

Comparison with e-governance

E-government should enable anyone visiting the city's website to communicate and interact with city employees over the Internet with a graphical user interface (GUI), instant messaging (IM), learning about government issues through audio/video presentations, and by way of anything more sophisticated than a simple email letter to the address provided on the site "

The core of e-governance is "Improved value for stakeholders through transformation" and "the use of technology to improve access and delivery of government services to benefit citizens, business partners and employees". The focus should be on:

The use of information and communication technologies, and especially the Internet, as a means of achieving better governance.
Use of information and communication technologies in all aspects of the operations of government organizations.
Optimization of service delivery, constituent participation, and governance by altering internal and external relationships through new technologies, the Internet, and new media.

While e-government is traditionally understood as a center around government operations, e-governance is understood to extend its scope by incorporating citizen involvement and participation in government. Thus, in line with the OECD's definition of e-government, e-government can be defined as the use of ICTs as a means of achieving better governance.

Goa panchayats to come under e-governance soon

src: egov.eletsonline.com

Model and delivery activities of e-government

The main delivery model of e-government can be divided into:

The Government-to-citizen or government-to-consumer (G2C) approach is like setting up a website where people can download forms, government information, etc.
- In this model, the G2C model implements a customer relationship management (CRM) strategy with a business concept.
- By managing their "customer" (citizen) relationships, business (government) can provide the products and services needed to meet the needs of customers (citizens).
- In the United States, the NPR (National Partnership for Reinventing Government) has been implemented since 1993.
Government-to-business (G2B)
Government to government (G2G)
Government-to-employee (G2E)

Within each of these interaction domains, four kinds of events occur:

push information over the Internet, for example: regulatory services, public holidays, public hearing schedules, issue summaries, notices, etc.
two-way communication between agencies and citizens, businesses, or other government agencies. In this model, users can engage in dialogue with agencies and post issues, comments, or requests to agencies.
make transactions, for example: lodging tax returns, applying for services and grants.
governance, for example: To enable citizen transition from passive access to active citizens participation by:

Inform citizens
Represents a citizen
Encourage citizens to vote
Citizen consultation
Involve citizens

src: www.ega.or.th

E-government non-internet

Although e-government is often perceived as an "online government" or "Internet-based government," many non-Internet "government electronic" technologies can be used in this context. Some non-Internet forms include phone, fax, PDA, SMS text messaging, MMS, wireless networking and services, Bluetooth, CCTV, tracking system, RFID, biometric identification, road traffic management and enforcement regulations, identity cards, smart cards and more near field communication applications; polling station technology (where non-online e-voting is being considered), delivery of government-based TV and radio services (eg CSMW), email, online community facilities, newsgroups and electronic mailing lists, online chat and instant messaging technologies.

src: www.7iber.com

Controversy

Losses

The main disadvantage of e-government is the lack of commonality in public access to computers and the internet (the "digital divide", a reference to the fact that low-income people, who have no home and/or residence in remote areas may have little or no no access to the Internet), reliability of information on the web, and issues that may affect and bias public opinion. There are many considerations and potential implications of the implementation and design of e-government, including the disintermediation of governments and their citizens, the impact on economic, social and political factors, vulnerability to cyber attacks, and disruption to the status quo in regions this. See also Electronic leviathan.

The political nature of the public sector form is also referred to as a disadvantage to the e-government system.

Trust

Trust in e-governance is highly dependent on performance and implementation, which can be measured by the effectiveness of current actions. This is much more risky and prone to fluctuations than a reputation-based belief system because performance does not consider past actions.

Development

Since E-government is at an early stage of development in many countries and jurisdictions, it is difficult to apply to institutionalized forms of government. Old age bureaucratic practices delivered in new mediums or using new technology can cause miscommunication problems

Hyper-supervision

Improved electronic contacts and data exchange between the government and its citizens goes both ways. Once e-government technology becomes more sophisticated, citizens will tend to be encouraged to interact electronically with governments for more transactions, as e-services are much cheaper than brick and mortar service offices run by public servants. This has the potential to cause a decrease in privacy for civilians as the government gains more information about their activities. Without protection, government agencies may share information about citizens. In the worst-case scenario, with so much information being disseminated electronically between the government and civilians, a totalitarian-like system could develop. When the government has easy access to innumerable information on its citizens, personal privacy is lost.

Cost

Although "tremendous amount of money has been spent" for e-government development and implementation, some say it only produces mediocre results. The results and effects of Internet-based government services are often difficult to quantify or the user seems unsatisfactory. According to Gartner, IT spending worldwide is estimated to total $ 3.6 trillion in 2011 which increased 5.1% from 2010 ($ 3.4 trillion).

Not accessible

E-government websites that provide government services often do not offer "the potential to reach many users including those living in remote areas [without Internet access], staying at home, having low literacy rates, are on the income of the poverty line." Homeless people, poor people and the elderly may not have access.

Flawed transparency and accountability

Opponents of e-government argue that online government transparency is dubious because it is maintained by the government itself. Information can be added or removed from the public eye. To this day, very few organizations monitor and provide accountability for this modification. Those who do, such as the OMBWatch Project and Government Accountability of the United States, are often non-profit volunteers. Even the government itself does not always track the information they enter and delete.

Benefits

The ultimate goal of e-government is to be able to offer an enhanced portfolio of public services to citizens in an efficient and cost-effective manner. E-government allows government transparency. Government transparency is important because it allows people to be informed about what the government is doing and the policies they are trying to implement. Simple tasks may be more easily done through electronic government access. Many changes, such as marital status or address changes can be a long process and require a lot of paperwork for citizens. E-government allows these tasks to be performed efficiently with more convenience for the individual. E-government is an easy way for the public to become more involved in political campaigns. This can increase voter awareness, which can lead to increased citizen participation in elections. It's convenient and cost-effective for businesses, and public benefits by getting easy access to the latest information available without having to spend time, energy and money getting it.

E-government helps simplify processes and make government information more accessible to public sector agencies and citizens. For example, the Indiana Motor Vehicle Bureau simplifies the process of authorizing a driver's record to be accepted in a district court. Indiana became the first country to allow government records to be digitally signed, legally certified, and sent electronically using Electronic Postmark technology. In addition to its simplicity, e-democracy services can reduce costs. Alabama Conservation Department & amp; Natural Resources, Wal-Mart, and NIC are developing online hunting and fishing licensing services using existing computers to automate the licensing process. More than 140,000 licenses were purchased at Wal-Mart stores during the first hunting season and agency estimates will save $ 200,000 annually from the service.

Anticipated benefits of e-government include efficiency, improved services, better accessibility of public services, sustainable community development and greater transparency and accountability.

Democratization

One of the goals of some e-government initiatives is greater citizen participation. Through interactive Web 2.0 features, people from all over the country can advise politicians or civil servants and make their voices heard. Blogging and interactive surveys allow politicians or civil servants to see people's views on any matter. Chat rooms can put residents in real-time contact with elected officials or their office staff or give them the means to interact directly with public servants, allowing voters to have a direct impact and influence in their government. This technology can create a more transparent government, enabling voters to quickly see how and why their representatives in the capital choose in the way they are. This helps voters decide who to choose in the future or how to help civil servants become more productive.

The government can theoretically move more towards true democracy with the proper implementation of e-government. Government transparency will provide insight to the public about how decisions are made and withholding elected officials or civil servants responsible for their actions. The public can be a direct and prominent influence in the government legislature to some extent.

Environmental bonus

Supporters of e-government argue that online government services will reduce the need for hard copy paper forms. Due to recent pressure from environmental groups, the media, and the public, several governments and organizations have turned to the Internet to reduce paper usage. The United States government uses the website http://www.forms.gov to provide "government internal forms for federal employees" and thereby "generates significant savings in paper form In addition, if citizens can apply for government services or permits online, they may not need to drive to government offices, which can cause less air pollution from gas and diesel fuel vehicles.

Speed, efficiency, and convenience

E-government allows citizens to interact with computers to reach destinations anytime and at any location and eliminate the need to travel physically to government agencies seated behind tables and windows. Many e-government services are available to citizens with computers and Internet access 24 hours a day and seven days a week, in contrast to government brick and mortar offices, which tend to be open only during business hours (important exceptions are police and hospital stations, which usually open 24 hours a day so staff can handle emergencies).

Bookkeeping and bookkeeping improvements can be recorded through computerization, and information and forms can be easily accessed by citizens with computers and Internet access, allowing faster processing time for applications and searching for information. On the administrative side, access to help find or retrieve files and related information can now be stored in electronic versus hard copy data (datasets) stored in various locations. Individuals with disabilities or conditions affecting their mobility no longer have to move to be active in government and may access public services in the comfort of their own homes (as long as they have computers and the Internet and accessibility equipment they may need).

Public approval

The latest test of e-government has been greeted with acceptance and desire from the public. Citizens participate in online discussions on political issues with increasing frequency, and young people, who traditionally show minimal interest in government affairs, are interested in electronic voting procedures.

Although Internet-based government programs have been criticized for lack of a reliable privacy policy, studies have shown that people judge prosecution of violators for privacy. Ninety percent of US adults approve an internet crime tracking system, and 57% are willing to cancel some of their private internet privacy if it leads to the prosecution of criminals or terrorists.

src: egov.eletsonline.com

e-government special technology

There are also several technological sub-categories of e-government, such as m-government, government everywhere), and g-government (GIS/GPS applications for e-government).

A previous concern about E-government's development of technology is due to the limited use of online platforms for political reasons by citizens in local political participation.

The main delivery model of e-government is classified depending on who benefits. In the development of public sector and private sector portals and platforms, a system is created that benefits all constituents. Citizens who need to update their vehicle registrations have an easy way to achieve them when already involved in meeting regulatory inspection requirements. On behalf of government partners, businesses provide what is traditionally, and only, managed by the government and can use this service to generate profits or attract new customers. Government agencies are exempt from the cost and complexity of having to process transactions.

To develop this public sector portal or platform, the government has the option to develop and manage internally, transparently or otherwise sign an independent funding contract. Self-financing models create self-paying portals through the convenience costs for specific e-government transactions, known as independent funding portals.

Social networking services and websites are emerging areas for e-democracy. The point of entry of social networking is in the neighborhood and the engagement is in the condition of the citizens. E-government advocates view the use of social networks by governments as a medium to help governments act more like the public they serve. Examples can be found in almost every state government portal through Facebook, Twitter, and the YouTube widget.

The government and its agents also have the opportunity to follow citizens to monitor satisfaction with the services they receive. Through ListServs, RSS feeds, mobile messaging, micro-blogging and blogging services, governments and agencies can share information with people with similar interests and concerns. The government also started using Twitter. In the state of Rhode Island, Treasurer Frank T. Caprio offers state-of-the-art daily cashflow booms. For a complete list of state agencies with Twitter feeds, visit the NIC. For more information, visit transparent-gov.com.

src: www.legco.gov.hk

Government 2.0

Government 2.0 or Gov 2.0 refers to government policies aimed at leveraging collaborative technologies and interactive internet tools to create open source computing platforms where innovative governments, citizens and companies can improve transparency and efficiency. Put simply, Gov 2.0 is about "putting the government in the hands of citizens". Gov 2.0 combines the basics of interactive Web 2.0 with e-government and enhances citizen participation using the open-source platform, enabling the development of innovative applications, websites and widgets. The role of government is to provide open data, web services, and platforms as an infrastructure.

src: www.ega.or.th

By country

Africa

Kenya

After the transition from the old Kenyan African Union government to the government of the National Rainbow Coalition in December 2002, in January 2004, an e-government Directorate was formed after the executive session (cabinet). The newly created department has the task of drawing up an action plan for future ICT implementation.

Like many other African countries, Kenya has embraced a high level of cellular penetration in its population. Even people living in remote areas who do not have access to traditional telecommunication networks can now communicate easily. The same facts have, and continue to have, a profound impact on government strategies in reaching out to its citizens. Given that about 70% of the population owns mobile phones, leading mobile network operators such as Safaricom have taken a major step in offering services that meet the demands of citizens. These services include Kipokezi (which allows customers to chat online and also exchange e-mail via standard mobile phones), and M-Pesa (which allows customers to send and receive electronic cash). Such a service even appeals to the majority of Kenyans, as they also support members without a community branch, in doing normal and safe business through M-Pesa. The recent IMF report reveals that MPESA transactions in Kenya are more than what Western Union does worldwide.

Website: Go to Kenya | Transparent Africa

Asia

Bangladesh

The eGovernment web portal has been developed to provide easier access to government services and information through a single window. Services can now be delivered to people with their own convenience, and more importantly now have more weight on the transparency and accountability of public services.

India

E-Governance initiatives and programs in India are conducted by the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY www.meity.gov.in). The current umbrella program for Indian Government e-governance is known under the title "DIGITAL INDIA" (www.digitalindia.gov.in)

The Government of India has launched many e-governance initiatives, including portals for public complaints, Mission Project MCA21, e-filing income tax, e-gazette, & amp; India's digital policy.

Iran

In 2002, Iran published a detailed report named TAKFA (Barnameye Tose-e va Karborde Fanavaie Etela'at) where it is estimated that most government agencies will try to virtualize their services as soon as possible. However, according to a UN agency report, Iran has failed in recent years to meet the average standard of e-government. In 2008, the Supreme Information Council issued a report criticizing the government for its poor advances in the use of new communications technology for administrative purposes.

In 2016, Iran launched the National Information Network and improved the quality and speed of internet access. In 2017 Iran introduced the first phase of e-government including E-Tax, E-Customs, E-Visa, E-Government Portal, and mobile applications to modernize Iran's government services.

The Iranian government plans to introduce another E-gov phase in the near future.

Malaysia

In Malaysia, e-government efforts are being carried out by the Malaysian government, under the umbrella of the Multimedia Super Corridor (MSC) and the e-government flag, which was launched in mid 1996, Mahathir Mohamad (1981-2003), by the then Prime Minister of Malaysia (Jeong & Nor Fadzlina, 2007).

Electronic government is an initiative that aims to re-create the government's workings. It seeks to improve both how the government operates, as well as how to provide services to the community (Ibrahim Ariff & Goh Chen Chuan, 2000).

Myanmar

Yangon

The Yangon City Development Committee (Burma- ???????????????????) (YCDC) is the administrative body of Yangon, and Yangon is the largest and former capital city of Myanmar (Burma). Yangon City Development Committee consists of 20 departments. Its headquarters are in Yangon City Hall. The committee chairman is also the mayor of the city.

In 2003, YCDC was organized to provide e-Government for Yangon City. The main goal of the city's e-government program is to provide easy access between government and citizens through the Internet, to reduce paper use, to reduce city budgets, to build urban fiber circles, to provide timely public information, to store public data and to develop and expand the G2G, G2C, G2B, and G2E programs.

In January 2013, responsibility for e-Government is shared between the e-Government Administration Committee and the e-Government Processing Committee. The e-Government Administration Committee includes Yangon City Mayor as Head, General Secretary of Yangon City as Head of Sub-Chairman, and 20 other department heads as chairman. The e-Government Processing Committee includes the Head of the Department of Public Relations and Information as the Head and 20 other deputy heads of departments as chairman.

The official web portal is www.ycdc.gov.mm.

Mandalay

Mandalay is the second largest city and Myanmar's last royal capital (Burma). In 2014, Mandalay Local Government developed www.mdyregion.gov.mm to find out about local governments and their activities to people.

The Local Government of Mandalay organized the e-Government Steering Committee on June 23, 2016. The chairman of the committee is U Sai Kyaw Zaw, Minister, Department of Ethnic Affairs.

On the 21st, July 2017 the web portal www.emandalay.gov.mm was opened by Dr. Zaw Myint Maung, Prime Minister of the Mandalay Regional Government. The portal includes 2 electronic services, 199 topics from 70 agencies. The Committee also developed the Regional Data Center. The Data Center will be opened in 2018.

Nepal

The e-Government design and conceptual framework have been presented to Nepal in the widespread support of the Korean Government (KIPA). E-government's vision is 'The Value Networking Nepal' through:

Citizens-centered service
Transparent service
Network governance
Knowledge-based society

The e-government mission statement of Nepal is "Improving the quality of people's lives without any discrimination, transcending regional and racial differences, and realizing socio-economic development by building transparent governance and providing quality services with added value through ICT."

The practice of e-Government has been slow both in adoption and practice in Nepal. However, local government agencies now have a dedicated ICT Volunteer team working to implement e-Government in the country through extensive ICT for Local Agency initiatives.

Pakistan

In 2014, the Government of Pakistan created the National Information Technology Council (NITB) under the Ministry of Information Technology & amp; Telecom to enable the eco-digital system for Government services to the citizens of Pakistan. NITB was formed as a result of a merger between Pakistan Computer Bureau (PCB) and Electronic Government Directorate (EGD).
The main functions identified by NITB are:

Provide technical guidance for e-Governance recognition in Federal Government.
Suggest applying efficient and cost-effective e-government programs in the Federal Ministry/Division.
To carry out a training needs assessment and to design and implement identified IT capacity improvement programs for Federal Ministry/Division employees.
Review the status of e-government readiness periodically to ensure continuous and accelerated digitalization and the development of relevant human resources.
Identify areas where IT interventions can help and suggest steps to automate this area through Business Process Re-engineering (BPR).

NITB launched e-Office Suite in various ministries in Government of Pakistan. While it is clearly pursuing efficiency gains and improving transparency, it also hopes to provide "efficient and cost-effective public services for Pakistani citizens." This package mainly covers five modules or applications in all ministries. The description of each module listed is:

Internal Communication Module
HR Management Module
Inventory & amp; Procurement Management Module
Project Management Module
Budget Finance Module

NITB released a high-level diagram illustrating the transformation process of Federal Government agencies and ministries into the e-Office environment.

Criticism: NITB's roll out of e-Office suites in almost all federal agencies is not only too ambitious but also likely to fail. It seems to unite many of the organizational efficiency goals nobly with a set of deliveries or targets faced by citizens. In fact, most of the NITB services have provided most of the conceptual and not concrete enough. The process outlined in the adoption process diagram appears to be without user-centered design or value proposition formulation. Instead of creating multiple MVPs and taking advantage of repeated and validated learning processes, e-Office Suite seems to combine all the features and functions that may be required or used by different ministries and divisions. It seems to focus more on the needs of bureaucrats and government agencies rather than the needs of end users (citizens of Pakistan) and what services they need that can be provided by ministries or divisions.

Sri Lanka

Sri Lanka has taken some initiative actions to benefit from e-government to citizens.

Europe

e-government shows significant progress in Europe.

Armenia

Armenian e-government was established in 2004. E-government brings together all the tools and databases created by Armenian state agencies and provides an easy-to-use online environment for users. It includes over twenty services and tools. Under this initiative, the "Interactive Budget" and "Non-Commercial State Financing" sections are available for the first time. There are also twenty other tools, including search engines, which allow to find Government and Prime Minister decisions, subsequent cabinet agenda, state purchase information, electronic tax reporting system, online application system from Intellectual Property Agency, information retrieval system from Intellectual Property Agency, as well as Electronic Signature and Electronic Visa (e-visa) sections. It should be mentioned that Electronic Signature is used in some other services when the user wants to file an application or receive information. Electronic Signatures is a universal system and is used both by state officials and by citizens, legal entities.

E-License

This system allows companies to apply to obtain or terminate licenses related to various activities (pharmacy, banking, construction, transportation, etc.) It also provides other services with respect to the licenses already obtained.

Reporting system on licensed activity

The Reporting Acceptance System for licensed persons allows to submit any report (annually, monthly, or quarterly) for licensed activities.

E-Payment

Electronic Payment Systems effectively process online payments. This app is specifically designed to charge state fees, local fees, administrative penalties or services provided by state and local government agencies. Payments can be made with Visa, Mastercard, Paypal, and local Arca or Mobidram systems.

E-Cadastre

This system allows to apply to the property cadastre and receive information about the land owner, the surface of a plot of land, the legal status of each property. The state electronic payment system is integrated in this tool. Online applications for registration of rights and restrictions and related documents may be submitted by users with digital signatures.

E-Draft

In 2016, the Ministry of Justice of Armenia developed the Database of Legal Concepts. It is specifically designed to publish any draft initiated by the Government or Members of Parliament. The database can be accessed through websites that provide the possibility to present legal draft laws to the public, organize online discussions, and as a consequence - the active participation of civil society representatives in the legislative process. Websites make it possible to search for legal drafts, keep up with developments, and become familiar with the suggestions presented. Registered users can present suggestions, get information with "paper summaries" from suggestions to drafts, adopted suggestions or reasons for not being adopted.

E-Register

This system allows registration of legal entities, such as limited liability companies, joint stock companies, foundations, and self-employed. It takes twenty minutes to register companies according to entity type. The state fee can be paid through the E-Payment system. The system also allows users to track submitted applications and search for existing companies and buy complete information about any company, including shareholder information.

Datalex

This system allows users to find cases, search for Armenian law, as well as following court schedules.

E-Announcement

This system is designed for public announcement. The state authorities are obliged to make public announcements under certain circumstances as otherwise stipulated by law.

E-Tax

This tool simplifies the tax declaration process for taxpayers and tax authorities. Any individual or legal entity may file a verifying tax notice with an electronic signature.

E-IP

The filing of patent applications and trademarks online using electronic signatures.

E-Visa

This application allows the process of obtaining visas through electronic applications. Visas are issued within two days.

E-Signature

This system allows users to verify user identity and protect submitted applications. Any Armenian resident, either an individual or a legal entity, may obtain electronic signatures and use them when applying through the E-Government system.

Estonian

Estonia has established an e-government program with EU support since 1996 with the introduction of e-Banking. In 2017, Estonia described its digital inclusivity under the name of e-government with a variety of e-services in government affairs, political participation, education, justice, health, accommodation, police, tax and business.

Estonia is legally binding on Voting in national and local elections and offers e-Residency to foreigners.

Estonia shares its knowledge base to develop e-societies and consult with countries on all continents through e-Governance Academy (e-Riigi Akadeemia) and has trained over 3,500 officials from more than 60 countries and leads or participates in over 60 international ICTs projects at the national, local and organizational levels.

Estonia is widely recognized as e-Estonia, as a reference for government and tech-savvy society. e-Estonia is recognized as a leader in implementing blockchain technology into e-government infrastructure.

Azerbaijan

The "E-Government" Framework is established in accordance with the "National Strategy of Information Communication Technology in Development of the Republic of Azerbaijan (2003-2012)" and implemented within the framework of the "E-Azerbaijan" Program. The project aims to improve the convenience and efficiency of the activities of state agencies, simplify the interaction between citizens, businesses and government agencies, contribute to creating new citizen relations frameworks and ensure transparency and free flow of information.

The main components of e-government infrastructure are integrated network infrastructure for state agencies, E-government portals, E-government gateways, resource lists and information systems, e-signatures, e-document circulation and e-government data centers (in preparation ).

The state portal www.e-gov.az was established to facilitate citizens benefiting from e-services provided by government agencies under the 'one window' principle with a combination of services. Through the e-government portal, citizens can use more than 140 e-services from 27 state institutions. In addition, gateways between government agencies are established to ensure mutual exchange of information, and most state agencies are connected to this infrastructure. The gateway allows users to efficiently use existing government information systems and secure contacts between them, issue requests and render e-services, freeing citizens from providing the same information or documents already available in the information database.

Kazakhstan

The egov.kz e-government portal was launched in 2012 as part of Kazakhstan's efforts to modernize the way citizens access government services and information. The egov.kz mobile app is recognized as the best application in the GovTechioneers competition at the 2017 World Government Summit in Dubai.

Russian

In the Federal Law "On the provision of state and municipal services" (2010), the strategy of developing the Information Society in the Russian Federation, approved by the President (2008), the Federal target program "Russian Electronic" (2002 - 2010 year), approved by the Government (2002) , The Program of the State "Information Society" (2010), Procedures for the development and approval of administrative regulations of the implementation of public functions (public service), approved by the Government (2005), the concept of administrative reform in the Russian Federation in 2006 - 2010 respectively, Government (2005), on other orders, resolutions and actions in the Russian Federation created electronic government (or e-government).

The main target in creating e-government lies in the field of providing equal opportunities for all Russians regardless of where they live and their income and make the public administration system more effective. So e-government is created to achieve a useful public management system that accommodates the individual interests of every citizen with participation through ICT in public policy making.

Currently Russian e-government includes systems such as:

1. United Interagency Interacting system uses to provide country and city services, exchange of information and data between interacting participants, fast approval of state and city decisions, etc.

2. The American system for authentication and authorization provides evidence of the rights of all e-government participants.

3. Unified portal of state and municipal services and functions that constitute a "single window" for all information and services guaranteed by the government and the city.

The public service portal is one of the key elements of the project to create an "electronic government" in the country. This portal provides an access point to all references to state and city services over the Internet and gives citizens and organizations the opportunity to receive this service electronically. Monthly visits by public service portal users between 200,000 and 700,000. For example, citizens can now obtain or exchange driver licenses through this portal.

4. Head system that provides electronic signature utilization.

Other systems available in cloud services.

Currently, e-government elements of Russia are required in the sphere of e-government, e-services (e-health, e-education, e-library, etc.), E-commerce, e-democracy (web election, ). With the 2012 E-Government Survey of the United Nations: E-Government for the People of Russia became one of 7 emerging leaders in e-government development, taking the ninth place in the ranking of e-government development in the largest population countries, ranked 8th in Top e-participation leaders, after Norway, Sweden and Chile, Advancing 32 positions in the world rankings, the Russian Federation became e-government leader in Eastern Europe. The evolution of ICT in the Russian Federation gave Russia an increase in the index of e-government development to 27 places.

Middle East

Jordan

Jordan has established e-government programs since 2002. many government services are provided online.

Saudi Arabia

E-Government is also established in Saudi Arabia, and it offers online government services and transactions.

United Arab Emirates

In the United Arab Emirates, eGovernment Emirates is designed for e-government operations.

North America

Canada

The current Clerk of the Advisory Council - the head of the federal public service has made workplace updates a pillar of the overall public service update. The key to updating in the workplace is the application of collaborative networking tools. An example of such a tool is GCPEDIA - a wiki platform for federal employees. Other tools include GCconnex, social networking tools, and GCforums, a discussion board system.

United States

Barack Obama's election as President of the United States became associated with the effective use of Internet technology during his campaign and in the implementation of his new government in 2009. On January 21, 2009, the President signed one of his first memorandums - a Memorandum to the Heads of the Executive and Agent Departments on Transparency and Open Government. The memo called for an unprecedented level of openness in the Government, calling on agencies to "ensure public trust and establish a system of transparency, public participation and collaboration." The memo further "directs the Chief Technology Officer, in coordination with the Director of the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) and the General Services Administrator (GSA), to coordinate the development by the appropriate executive and agency departments [and] to take specific actions that apply the principles specified in the memorandum. "

President Obama's memorandum is centered around the idea of â€‹â€‹increasing transparency in different departments and federal agencies. By activating public websites such as recovery.gov and data.gov to distribute more information to the American population, the administration believes that it will gain greater citizen participation.

In 2009 the US federal government launched Data.gov to make more government data available to the public. With data from Data.Gov, the public can create apps, websites, and mashups. Although "Gov 2.0", as a concept and as a term, has existed since the mid-2000s, it is the launch of Data.gov that makes it "viral".

In August 2009, City of San Francisco launched DataSF.org with over a hundred datasets. Just weeks after the launch of DataSF.org, new applications and websites were developed. Using data feeds available at DataSF.org, publicly-minded developers create programs to show arrival and departure times for public transport, where to recycle hazardous materials, and crime patterns. Since the launch of DataSF.org there have been over seventy applications created with San Francisco data.

In March 2009, former San Francisco Mayor Gavin Newsom was at Twitter headquarters for a conversation about technology in government. During the town hall, Newsom received a tweet about the potholes. He turned to Twitter co-founders Biz Stone and Evan Williams and said let's find a way for people to tweet their service requests directly to San Francisco's customer service center 311. Three months later, San Francisco launched its first Twitter 311 service, called @ SF311, allowing citizens to tweet, send messages, and send photos of potholes and other requests directly to the city. Working with Twitter and using the open-source platform, CoTweet converts @ SF311 into reality. The process of procuring software for things like this usually takes months, but in this case, it took less than three months. The @ SF311 saves city money in call center costs.

E-Government for the post-2015 era: the usage perspective ...

src: blog.experientia.com

References

External links

The role of MCPM in eGovernance of Nepal's local government agency
Government computerized on Curlie (based on DMOZ)
Digital Government Portal
The e-Government Leader Network in Latin America and the Caribbean (RED GEALC)
Free Software (Open Source) platform for e-government initiatives
Illinois University in Chicago Online e-Government Certificate Program
University of Illinois at Chicago e-Government Workshop
International Conference on Electronic Governance
Electronic Governance Center at UN - IIST University
eGovernment in W3C
Academy of e-Governance
"Government Computing collects news and comments". The Guardian .
e-government at Publicservice.co.uk
e-Government Project RISER "Verify Address online in Europe"
Information: Publication of e-Government from National Informatics Center, India "
Semiconductor technology in eGovernment
USAFacts

Source of the article : Wikipedia

Senin, 16 Juli 2018