Although there are many physiological and psychological gender differences in humans, memory, in general, is quite stable across sexes. By studying specific examples where men and women show differences in memory, we can better understand the brain structure and functions associated with memory.
This is in a trial of specific experiments that appear different, such as methods of remembering past events, explicit facial recognition tasks, and neuroimaging studies of the size and activation of different brain regions. Research appears to focus primarily on gender differences in explicit memory. Like many other nuances of the human psyche, these differences are studied with the aim of providing insights into a greater understanding of the human brain.
Video Sex differences in memory
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The perception of gender differences in cognitive abilities comes from ancient Greece, when the early physician Hippocrates was nicknamed the 'hysteria' or 'wandering womb' to explain the instability of emotions and mental illness in women. This diagnosis persisted until the mid-19th century and the beginning of the women's suffrage movement, and was used as evidence of women's inability to handle intellectual work. Leading physicians of this era, including neurologist Sigmund Freud, argued that women are biologically suited for domestic work and household chores, since they do not have enough blood to move the brain and womb. When women entered university in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, opponents insisted that the high demands of post-secondary education in the female brain would make women barren.
The inclusion of a mass of women into the workplace during World War I to replace the army men who fought abroad, gave a turning point for a view of women's cognitive abilities. Having demonstrated that they are capable of functioning in the workplace, women gain the right to vote in the post-war, Canadian and British United States. Although women can choose and have paid work, they are still not considered as intellectually equal to men. The development of intelligence encephalization by Harry Jerison in 1973 seems to confirm popular beliefs and about women's cognitive abilities; This outcome is one of the first ways to measure brain size indirectly, and it shows that women have, on average, a smaller brain area than men. Modern neuroscience has shown that women balance their smaller brains with increased neuronal density, and there is no significant difference in meaningful cognitive abilities between men and women. Recent advances in neuropsychology and cognitive psychology have shown, however, that specific differences in cognition - including memory - do exist. There is an ongoing debate about the causes of these differences, with biology, genetics, culture, and environmental factors all contribute.
Maps Sex differences in memory
Explicit memory
When participating in the task of recognizing facial emotions, explicit memory is used. Knowledge of what looks like faces in various emotional states is something that is learned and stored in memory. It was found that women are usually more sensitive to emotional recognition tasks than men.
In a study that assessed the emotional identification of faces (happy, sad, fearful, angry, disgusted, or neutral) women excel at explicit identification of emotions, especially fear and sadness. Women are better than men in general on explicit emotional acknowledgment, but especially with negative emotions.
Based on brain imaging studies, women also show increased nerve sensitivity to negative emotions compared with men. In addition, women are postulated to have larger orbitofrontal areas involved in emotional regulation. This can contribute to improved accuracy in facial recognition tasks, as well as more accurate identification of emotionally charged content.
However, in other studies, women showed no difference in remembering the details of the affective versus the neutral parts, while the man showed more recall for the affective part. Women's memory is stable, and consistent at the overall level of men, which indicates that women are generally more concerned about verbal parts, and men only become more attentive when the section has very emotional content.
Finally, women show their own sex bias in remembering gender faces. Women outweigh men on facial recognition for other women's faces, but not for men's faces.
Semantic verbal fluency is another aspect of explicit memory. The verbal fluency test examines the ability to remember facts about the world, and common knowledge such as vocabulary. When asked to list words that begin with the same letter or are in the same semantic category, women can produce more words than men. This is most likely due to different memory styles. Women tend to have a more balanced balance between grouping (producing words in subcategories) and switching (switching between clusters) allowing them to produce more words. Men switch categories less frequently and tend to make clusters with more words in them. This is not an efficient strategy as is commonly used by women. This provides evidence that while there is a difference in the ability of verbal smooth sex, it may be due to different remembering strategies as opposed to the main differences in actual semantic knowledge.
Call back strategy and memory
The examination of differences in recall strategies between men and women comes from studies of sexual behavior. In some studies, men report, on average, have more heterosexual sexual partners than women, but scientific evidence is questionable. Since this is a statistical impossibility, this phenomenon is then the focus of research, some of which test the hypothesis that this is due to gender-based deficiencies in memory, and recalls into the gendered circulation strategy that followed.
One experiment in strategy given the number of sexual partners a person has found the difference, between the sexes. Men were observed to most often try to estimate the number of their sexual partners, which in some cases led to too high, while the women studied generally attempted to list all of their partners, which due to the potential for forgetting an incident, in some cases led to estimates less.
Differences can also arise because the opposite sex has different interests and motivations. For example, in a study that tested the withdrawal of sexual versus non-sexual television ads, men were found to remember sexual ads better than non-sexual ads. This effect increases when sexual advertising is embedded in a sexual program. Women, however, are both good at remembering sexual and non-sexual advertising. The different levels of interest in the two types of ads can explain the gender bias in remembering.
Short-term memory
Women have been shown to have short-term memory or work that is stronger than men. Women are considered capable of storing more verbal information items in short-term storage at once. Profits in this short-term memory are thought to be related to a woman's superior ability to attend more than one task at a time, or 'multitask'.
Recent research has shown that males have advantages in special subtypes of short-term memory, especially with regard to visual-spatial information.
In brain activation studies, the working memory tasks show more bilateral activation in the male brain than overall left cerebral activation in the female brain. This provides evidence that different brain structures may be responsible for short-term memory differences in men versus women.
Memory loss
There may be gender differences in the rate of memory decline. Although research on the subject is not always consistent, it is known that women experience a much higher level of Alzheimer's disease. Differences in this level were initially associated with a normally longer female life span, but relatively small differences in years of life have been found to be insufficient to explain the incidence of diseases that have occurred for decades. Recent studies have shown a link between menopausal decline in estrogen and inefficiency in brain metabolism. The lack of female hormones can decrease the energy efficiency of brain cells, causing the brain to have inadequate fuel and subsequent cognitive decline. Clinical trials of hormone replacement therapy have not been shown to be effective in preventing disease. This area will require further investigation to understand the difference in Alzheimer's rates between the sexes.
The prognosis of Alzheimer's disease also differs between men and women. Although women tend to experience a much sharper decline in gray matter at the onset of illness, men pursue and eventually take over women in gray matter matter as the disease develops.
Decreased age-related memory in general also varies by sex. When all factors, such as age, education, socioeconomic status and geographical location remain constant, men are found to be at a 50% increased risk of significant memory-related memory decline.
References
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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