Crying is the shedding of tears (or tears in the eyes) in response to emotional state, pain or physical eye irritation. Emotions that can cause tears include anger, happiness, or sadness. Crying action has been defined as "a complex secretomotor phenomenon characterized by tearing of tears from the apparatus of the lacrimal, without irritation to the ocular structure", instead, providing relief that protects from conjunctivitis. The associated medical term is lakrimasi, which also refers to the non-emotional tear shedding. Crying forms are known as crying, crying , crying , whining , crying >, and crying .
To cry is described as sobbing, it usually has to be accompanied by a series of other symptoms, such as slow but erratic inhalation, occasionally the occurrence of holding breath and muscle tremors.
Neural connections between the lacrimal gland (the tear ducts) and the areas of the human brain involved with emotions have been formed. Scientists argue over whether humans are the only animals that produce tears in response to emotional states. Charles Darwin writes in Emotion Expression in Humans and Animals that Indian elephant guards at the London Zoo told him that their accusations shed tears in sadness.
The tears produced during emotional crying have different chemical compositions than other types of tears. They contain the amount of prolactin hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, and Leu-enkephalin, as well as much larger potassium and manganese elements.
Video Crying
Function
Questions about the function or the origins of emotional tears remain open. Theories range from simple ones, such as the response to pain inflicted, to more complex ones, including nonverbal communication to gain altruistic behavior from others. Some people also claim that crying can serve several biochemical purposes, such as relieving stress. Crying is believed to be an outlet or a result of an explosion of powerful emotional sensations, such as suffering, shock or excitement. This theory can explain why people cry during a cheerful event, as well as a very painful event.
Individuals tend to remember the positive aspects of crying, and can create connections between other simultaneous positive events, such as overcoming feelings of sadness. Together, this memory feature reinforces the idea that crying helps the individual.
In Hippocratic and medieval treatment, tears are associated with body fluids, and crying is seen as the purification of excess fluid from the brain. William James regards emotions as a reflex before rational thinking, believing that physiological responses, as if for stress or irritation, are a prerequisite for cognitively becoming aware of emotions such as fear or anger.
William H. Frey II, a biochemist at the University of Minnesota, proposes that people feel "better" after crying because of stress-related hormone elimination, especially the adrenocorticotropic hormone. This, coupled with increased mucosal secretion during crying, may lead to the theory that crying is a human-developed mechanism for disposing of this stress hormone when the rate grows too high. However, tears have limited ability to remove chemicals, reducing the likelihood of this theory.
Recent psychological theories of crying emphasize the relationship of tears with the experience of perceived helplessness. From this perspective, the fundamental experience of helplessness can usually explain why people cry. For example, a person may cry after receiving surprising shocking news, as if because the person feels helpless or unable to influence what is going on.
Emotional tears have also been incorporated into the context of evolution. One study suggests that crying, with blurred vision, can inhibit aggression or defensive action, and may serve as a reliable signal for relief, need, or attachment. Oren Hasson, an evolutionary psychologist at the zoology department at Tel Aviv University believes that crying demonstrates vulnerability and submission to attackers, asks for sympathy and help from observers, and signals sharing emotional attachments.
Another theory that follows evolutionary psychology is given by Paul D. MacLean, which shows that the crying part of vocal was first used as a "cry of separation" to help reunite the elderly and the descendants. Tears, he speculates, are the result of the relationship between major brain development and the discovery of fire. MacLean figures who since ancient humans must have relied heavily on fire, their eyes often produced reflexive tears in response to smoke. As humans evolved, smoke may acquire a strong connection with loss of life and, therefore, sadness.
Recently, CVBellieni analyzed the behavior of crying, and concluded that most animals can cry but only humans that have psychobememorrhagic tear dimming, also known as "tears". Crying is a behavior that induces possible empathy by mediation of mirror neuron tissue, and affects mood through the release of hormones induced by the effects of massage made by tears on the cheeks, or through the release of a sobbing rhythm.
Maps Crying
Biological response
It can be very difficult to observe the biological effects of crying, especially since many psychologists believe the environment in which a person cries can change the bearer's experience. However, crying research in the lab has shown some of the physical effects of crying, such as increased heart rate, sweating, and slowing of breathing. Although it seems that the type of effect of individual experience is highly dependent on the individual, for many it seems that the calming effects of crying, such as slow breathing, outlast negative effects, which may explain why people remember crying as beneficial and rewarding.
The most common side effect of crying is to feel the presence of clots in the cervical throat, otherwise known as globus sensation. Although many things that can cause globus sensation, which is experienced in crying is a response to stress experienced by the sympathetic nervous system. When an animal is threatened by some form of danger, the sympathetic nervous system triggers several processes to allow the animal to fight or escape. This includes turning off unnecessary body functions, such as digestion, and increasing blood and oxygen flow to the muscles needed. When an individual experiences an emotion such as sadness, the sympathetic nervous system still responds in this way. Another function enhanced by the sympathetic nervous system is breathing, which includes opening the throat to improve airflow. This is done by expanding the glottis, allowing more air to pass through. When an individual undergoes this sympathetic response, the parasympathetic nervous system eventually attempts to cancel the response by reducing the high stress activity and improving the healing process, which includes running the digestion. This involves swallowing, a process that requires a fully extended glottic closure to prevent food from entering the larynx. However, the glottis tries to stay open as individual cries. The fight to close this glottis creates a sensation that feels like a lump in someone's throat.
Other common side effects of crying are lips that vibrate, runny noses, and unstable and cracked sounds.
The frequency of crying
According to the German Society of Ophthalmology, which has compiled various scientific studies about crying, the average woman cries between 30 and 64 times a year, and the average man cries between 6 and 17 times a year.
Men tend to cry between two and four minutes, and women cry for about six minutes. Crying turned into a sob for a woman in 65% of cases, compared to only 6% for men. Until teenagers, however, no difference between the sexes was found.
Crying type in baby
Although crying is the baby's way of communication, it is not limited to monotonous sounds. There are three different types of crying in babies. The first of these three is the basic appeal , which is a systematic appeal with a pattern of crying and silence. The basic crying begins with a cry coupled with a brief silence, followed by a short, high pitched inspirational whistle. Then, there was a brief silence followed by another shout. Hunger is the main stimulant of basic crying. A crying anger is very similar to a basic cry; however, in this appeal, excess air is forced through the vocal cords, making it a louder and more sudden shouting sound. This type of crying is characterized by the same temporal sequence as the archetype but is distinguished by differences in the length of the various component phases. The third appeal is a exclamation of pain , which, unlike the other two, has no initial complaints. The cry of pain is a loud cry, followed by a period of breath holding. Most adults can determine whether a baby's cry indicates anger or pain. Most parents also have a better ability to distinguish their own baby's cries than different children. A 2009 study found that babies imitate the contours of their parents' tones. French babies wailed in rising tones while German babies liked melodic falls. Carlo Bellieni found a correlation between the crying feature of the baby and the level of pain, although he found no direct correlation between the cause of crying and its characteristics.
T. Berry Brazelton has suggested that overstimulation may be a contributing factor to baby crying and that an active period of crying may serve the purpose of excessive stimulation spending and help the baby's nervous system regain homeostasis.
Sheila Kitzinger found a correlation between maternal prenatal stress levels and later infant cries. He also found a correlation between birth trauma and crying. Mothers who have experienced obstetric interventions or who were made to feel helpless during birth have babies crying more than other babies. Instead of trying one drug after another to stop this crying, he suggested that mothers hold their babies and let the crying run. Other studies have supported Kitzinger's findings. Babies who experience birth complications have a longer cry spell at the age of three months and wake up more often at night crying.
Based on these findings, Aletha Solter has proposed a general emotional release theory about baby crying. When a baby cries for no apparent reason after all other causes (such as hunger or pain) are ruled out, he suggests that crying can signal a useful stress release mechanism. He recommends a "weeping in hug" approach as a way of calming these babies. Another way to calm and soothe a baby is to imitate the familiarity and comfort of the mother's womb. Dr. Robert Hamilton developed a technique for the elderly where a baby can calm down and stop crying in 5 seconds.
Categorize dimensions
There are many attempts to distinguish between two different types of crying: positive and negative. Different perspectives have been broken down into three dimensions to test perceived emotions and also to understand the contrast between the two types.
A spatial perspective explains a sad tear when reaching "there", like at home or with someone who has just died. Instead, crying happily is admitting "here." It emphasizes a strong awareness of one's location, as in the marriage of a relative.
The temporal perspective explains that crying is slightly different. In a worldly perspective, the sad cry is to look to the past with regret or the future with fear. It describes crying as a result of someone's loss and regrets not spending more time with them or being nervous about upcoming events. Crying as a result of happiness would then be a response to the moment as if it were eternal; the person froze in happiness, a gift that was perpetuated.
The latter dimension is known as a public-private perspective. This describes two types of shouts as a way to imply details about oneself as a public or private identity that a person knows. For example, weeping over loss is a message to the outside world that asks for help to overcome internal suffering. Or, as Arthur Schopenhauer suggests, sad crying is a method of self-pity or self-respect, the way a person comforts himself. Conversely, a pleasant cry is the recognition of beauty, glory, or beauty.
Religious views of crying
Shia Ithna Ashari (Muslim who believes in the twelve Imams after Muhammad) considers crying an important responsibility towards their martyr leaders. They believed that Imam Hussain's true lover could feel the pain and oppression suffered by Imam Hussain; his feelings are so great that they shed tears and wail. Loved pain is the pain of a lover. Crying on Imam Husain is a sign or expression of true love. The Shi'ite Imams have encouraged crying especially to Imam Husaain and have been informed of the rewards for this action. They support their view through the tradition of Muhammad saying: (On Judgment Day, a group will be seen in the most honorable state and they will be asked whether they are from Angels or Prophets In return they will declare): "We are not angels or prophets, but from the poor of the ummah of Muhammad". They will then be asked: "Then how do you achieve this high and honorable status?" They will reply: "We do not do many good deeds, nor do we go through all the days in fasting or all night in worship conditions but yes, we usually offer our (daily) prayers (regularly) and every time we get used to hearing the mention of Muhammad, tears will roll on our cheeks ". (Mustadrak al-Wasail, vol 10, p. 318)
In Orthodox and Catholic Christianity, tears are considered a sign of true repentance, and are desirable in many cases. The true cry of regret is considered sacramental, helping in forgiving sins, because they remember the baptism of the repentant.
Lacrimal System
There are three types of tears: basal tears, reflexive tears, and psychic tears. Basal tears are produced at a rate of about 1 to 2 microliters per minute, and are made to lubricate the eye and smooth the irregularities of the cornea. Reflexive tears are tears made in response to eye irritation, such as when cutting onions or being poked in the eye. Psychic tears are produced by the lacrimal system and tears are removed during an emotional state.
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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