The following is a comparison of the e-book format used to create and publish e-books.
The EPUB format is the most independent, web-based e-book format that does not rely on vendors (as opposed to PDFs); That is, supported by the largest number of e-readers, including Amazon Kindle Fire (but not the standard Kindle). See the table below for details.
Video Comparison of e-book formats
Description of format
Available formats include, but are not limited to:
Broadband eBooks (BBeB)
The digital book format originally used by Sony Corporation. It is a proprietary format, but some reader software for general purpose computers, especially under GNU/Linux (eg, Caliber internal viewer), has the ability to read it. The LRX file extension represents an encrypted e-book DRM. Recently, Sony has changed its books from BBeB to EPUB and is now releasing a new title in EPUB.
Archive of Comic Book
Compiled HTML
The CHM format is a proprietary format based on HTML. Some embedded pages and graphics are distributed along with metadata as a single compressed file. Indexing is for keywords for full text search.
DAISY _-_ ANSI/NISO_Z39.86 "> DAISY - ANSI/NISO Z39.86
The Digital Access Information SYSTEM (DAISY) is an open XML-based standard issued by the National Information Standards Organization (NISO) and is managed by DAISY Consortium for people with print disabilities. DAISY has extensive international support with features for multimedia, navigation, and syncing. Part of the DAISY format has been adopted by law in the United States as the National Instructional Material Accessibility Standard (NIMAS), and K-12 textbooks and instructional materials should now be provided for students with disabilities.
DAISY is in line with EPUB technical standards, and is expected to be fully integrated with upcoming EPUB3 revisions.
DjVu
DjVu is a special format for storing scanned documents. These include advanced compressors that are optimized for low-color images, such as text documents. Individual files can contain one or more pages. DjVu files can not be streamed back.
The page images contain divided into separate layers (such as multi-color, low resolution, background layer using lossy compression, and multiple-color, high-resolution, compressed foreground layers are compressed), each compressed in the best available method. This format is designed to decompress very quickly, even faster than the vector-based format.
The advantage of DjVu is that it allows to perform high-resolution scans (300-400 DPI), good enough to read and print on the screen, and store them very efficiently. Several dozen 300 DPI black-and-white scans can be stored in less than one megabyte.
DOC
DOC is a document file format supported directly by some ebook readers. The advantage as an ebook format is that it can easily be converted to other ebook formats and can be streamed back. This can be easily edited.
DOCX
DOCX is a document file format supported directly by some ebook readers. The advantage as an ebook format is that it can easily be converted to other ebook formats and can be streamed back. This can be easily edited.
EPUB
The.epub or OEBPS format is the technical standard for e-books created by the International Digital Publishing Forum (IDPF).
The EPUB format has gained popularity as an independent vendor-based e-book format. The format can be read by Kobo eReader, BlackBerry devices, Apple iBooks app running on Macintosh computers and iOS devices, Google Books app running on Android and iOS devices, Barnes & amp; Noble Nook, Amazon Kindle Fire, Sony Reader, BeBook, Bookeen Cybook Gen3 (with firmware v2 and up), COOL-ER, Adobe Digital Editions, Lexcycle Stanza, BookGlutton, AZARDI, FBReader, PocketBook eReader, Aldiko, CoolReader, Mantano Reader, Month reader, add-on Mozilla Firefox EPUBReader, Lucifox, Lucidor, Okular and other reading apps.
Adobe Digital Editions uses.epub format for their e-books, with digital rights management (DRM) protection provided through their proprietary ADEPT mechanism. The ADEPT framework and scripts have been re-engineered to avoid this DRM system.
eReader
- Previous Palm Digital Media/Peanut Press
eReader is a freeware program for viewing Palm Digital Media digital book using pdb format used by many Palm applications. Version available for Android, BlackBerry, iOS, Palm OS (not webOS), Symbian, Windows Mobile Pocket PC/Smartphone, and macOS. The reader shows the text one page at a time, as do the paper books. eReader supports hyperlinks and embedded images. In addition, Stanza app for iPhone and iPod touch can read encrypted and unencrypted eReader files.
The program supports features such as bookmarks and footnotes, allowing users to mark any page with bookmarks and any piece of text with comments such as footnotes. Footnotes can later be exported as Memo documents.
On July 20th, 2009, Barnes & amp; Noble made an announcement implying that the eReader would be the company's preferred format for sending e-books. Exactly three months later, in a press release by Adobe, revealed Barnes & amp; Noble will join the software company to standardize EPUB and PDF eBook formats. Barnes & amp; The noble eBook is now sold mostly in EPUB format.
FictionBook (Fb2)
FictionBook is a popular XML-based e-book format, supported by free readers like PocketBook eReader, FBReader, Okular, CoolReader, Bebook, and STDU Viewer.
The FictionBook format does not specify the appearance of the document; instead, it describes its structure and semantics. All ebook metadata, such as author name, title, and publisher, are also present in the ebook file. Therefore the format is convenient for automated processing, indexing, and management of ebook collections. It's also convenient to store books in it for automatic conversion later to another format.
Founder Electronics
APABI is a format created by Founder Electronics. This is a popular format for Chinese e-books. This can be read using Apabi Reader software, and is produced using Apabi Publisher. The.xeb and.ceb files are binary files that are encoded. The Iliad e-book device includes a 'viewer' Apabi.
Marking Language Hypertext
HTML is the markup language used for most web pages. E-books that use HTML can be read using a Web browser. Specifications for the format are available at no cost from W3C.
HTML adds meta-elements that are marked specifically for plain text encoded using character sets such as ASCII or UTF-8. Thus, properly formatted files can be, and sometimes, generated by hand using a plain text editor or programmer editor . Many HTML generator applications are available to facilitate this process and often require less complex knowledge of the details of the formats involved.
HTML itself is not a very efficient format for storing information in, requiring more storage space for a given job than many other formats. However, some e-Book formats including Amazon Kindle, Open eBook, HTML Compiled, Mobipocket and EPUB save each chapter of the book in HTML format, then use ZIP compression to compress HTML data, images, metadata and style sheets into one, significantly smaller , file.
HTML files include various standards and displaying HTML files correctly can be tricky. In addition many supported features, such as forms, are not relevant to e-books.
iBook (Apple)
The.ibooks format is created with the free iBooks Author ebook layout software from Apple Inc. This exclusive format is based on the EPUB standard, with some differences in the CSS tags used in the ibooks format file, thus making it incompatible with the EPUB specification. The End User License Agreement (EULA) included with iBooks Author states that "If you would like to charge fees for a job that includes files in the.sara format generated using iBooks Author, you can only sell or distribute the work through Apple". "Through Apple" will usually be in the Apple iBooks store. The EULA further states that "This restriction does not apply to the content of such works when it is distributed in a form that does not include files in.ibooks format." Therefore, Apple has not included any distribution restrictions in the iBooks Author EULA for ebooks ibs format created on iBooks Author which is made available for free, and that does not prevent authors from re-writing content in other ebook formats for sale outside iBookstore. The software currently supports import and export functionally for three formats. ibook, Ordinary text and PDF. IBooks Author 2.3 and later supports EPUB import and export of EPUB 3.0.
IEC 62448
IEC 62448 is an international standard created by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), Technical Committee 100, Technical Area 10 (Multimedia e-publishing and e-book).
The current version of IEC 62448 is an umbrella standard that contains as an attachment of two concrete formats, Sharp XMDF and BBeB from Sony. However, BBeB has been discontinued by Sony and the XMDF version that is in the specification is out of date. The IEC TA10 group is discussing the next steps, and has invited IDPF organizations that have standardized EPUB as a liaison. It is possible that the current EPUB version and/or upcoming EPUB3 revisions can be added to IEC 62448. Meanwhile, a number of Japanese companies have proposed that IEC standardize the proposed new Japan-centric file format expected to unify the DotBook from the Japanese Voyager and XMDF Sharp. This new format has not been publicly disclosed as of November 2010 but this should include a basic representation for Japanese. Technically, this revision should provide the minimum set of Japanese, Japanese extension sets, and stylesheet languages. These issues were addressed at the TC100 meeting held in October 2010 but no decision was taken other than offering link status to IDPF.
INF (IBM)
IBM created this e-book format and used it extensively for OS/2 and other operating systems. INF files are often digital versions of printed books that come with several OS/2 bundles and other products. There are many other bulletins and monthly publications (eg: EDM/2) available in INF format as well.
The advantage of INF is very concise and very fast. It also supports images, flowing text, tables and various list formats. INF files can be generated by compiling text markup files - in Information Presentation Facility (IPF) format - into binary files.
Initially only IBM made the INF viewer and compiler, but then open source viewers like NewView, DocView and others appeared. There is also an open source IPF compiler called WIPFC, created by the Open Watcom project.
Kindle (Amazon)
With the release of Kindle Fire reader at the end of 2011, Amazon.com also released Kindle Format 8, also known as.AZW3. The.azw3 file format supports some HTML5 and CSS3 features, with some non-standard enhancements; new data is stored in containers that can also be used to store Mobi content documents, allowing limited backward compatibility.
The older Kindle e-reader uses the proprietary format, AZW. It's based on the standard Mobipocket, with a slightly different serial number scheme (using an asterisk instead of a dollar sign) and its own DRM format. Because ebooks purchased on Kindle are delivered via a wireless system called Whispernet, users do not see the AZW files during the download process. The Kindle format is available on multiple platforms, such as through the Kindle app for various mobile device platforms.
Microsoft LIT
The DRM protected LIT file can only be read in a proprietary Microsoft Reader program, because it is a.LIT format, or similar to the Microsoft CHM format, including the Digital Rights Management feature. Other third party readers, such as Lexcycle Stanza, can read unprotected LIT files.
Microsoft Reader uses patented ClearType display technology. In Navigation the reader works with the keyboard, mouse, stylus, or through electronic bookmarks. The Catalog Library records readers' books on a personal "home page," and books are displayed with ClearType to improve readability. Users can add annotations and notes to any page, create a large print e-book with a single command, or create a free-form image on the reader page. The internal dictionary lets users search for words.
In August 2011, Microsoft announced that it suspended Microsoft Reader and the use of.lit format for ebooks in late August 2012, and ended the format sales on November 8, 2011.
Mobipocket
The Mobipocket e-book format is based on the Open eBook standard using XHTML and can include JavaScript and frames. It also supports native SQL queries for use with embedded databases. There's an appropriate e-book reader.
The Mobipocket Reader has a home page library. The reader can add a blank page in any part of the book and add free images. Annotations - highlights, bookmarks, corrections, notes, and pictures - workable, organized, and remembered from one location. Images converted to GIF format and have a maximum size of 64K, enough for phones with small screens, but more limited for newer gadgets. Mobipocket Reader has an electronic bookmark, and built-in dictionary.
Readers have full-screen mode to read and support multiple PDAs, Communicator, and Smartphones. Mobipocket products support most Windows, Symbian, BlackBerry and Palm operating systems, but not the Android platform. Using WINE, readers work on Linux or Mac OS X. Third party applications like Okular and FBReader can also be used on Linux or Mac OS X, but they only work with unencrypted files.
The AZW Amazon Kindle format is basically a Mobipocket format with a slightly different serial number scheme (using an asterisk instead of a dollar sign), and a public.prc can be read directly on the Kindle. The AZW Kindle format also does not have some Mobipocket features like JavaScript.
Amazon has developed.epub to a.mobi converter called KindleGen, and supports IDPF 1.0 and IDPF 2.0 EPUB formats.
Multimedia eBooks
Ebook multimedia is media content and books that utilize a combination of different book content formats. This term can be used as a noun (media with multiple content formats) or as an adjective that describes media as having multiple content formats.
The term "multimedia ebook" is used in contrast to media that uses only traditional forms of textbooks or text. The multimedia ebook includes a combination of text, audio, image, video, or interactive content formats. Just like how a traditional book can load images to help text tell a story, a multimedia ebook can contain other elements that were previously impossible to help tell it.
With the advent of tablet computers like the wider, like smartphones, some publishers plan to create multimedia ebooks, such as Penguin.
Newton Digital Book
Commonly known as Newton Book, but officially referred to as Newton Digital Book; a single Newton package file may contain multiple books (for example, three trilogy books may be packaged together). Newton Books created using Newton Press, or, for more advanced content, Newton Book Maker and Newton Toolkit.
All systems that run the Newton operating system (most commonly including Newton MessagePads, eMates, Siemens Secretary Stations, Motorola Marcos, Digital Ocean Seahorses and Tarpons) have built-in support for viewing Newton's book, through a system service known as Newton Book Reader. Newton packet format released to the public by Newton, Inc. before the company's absorption to Apple Computer. The format is arguably open and various people have written readers for it (writing Newton converter books has even been designated as a university class project).
Newton's book has no support for DRM or encryption. They support internal links, potentially displaying multiple tables of contents and indexes, embedding gray scale images, and even some scripting skills using NewtonScript (for example, it's possible to create books where readers can influence the results). Newton's book uses Unicode and is thus available in multiple languages. An individual Newton Book can actually contain multiple views that represent the same content in different ways (as for different screen resolutions).
Open the Electronic Package
OPF is an XML-based e-book format created by E-Book Systems; has been replaced by EPUB electronic publishing standards.
Portable Document Format
Invented by Adobe Systems, and first released in 1993, PDF became ISO 32000 in 2008. This format was developed to provide a platform-independent tool for the exchange of fixed layout documents. Derived from PostScript, but without language features such as loops, PDF adds support for features such as compression, password, semantic structure, and DRM. Because PDF documents can be easily viewed and printed by users on various computer platforms, they are very common on the World Wide Web and in document management systems around the world. The current PDF specification, ISO 32000-1: 2008, is available from the ISO website, and under custom settings, at no cost from Adobe.
Because the format is designed to reproduce fixed layout pages, the text flows back to fit the mobile device and the eBook reader screen has traditionally been problematic. This limitation was overcome in 2001 with the release of References PDF 1.5 and "Tagged PDF", but 3rd party support for this feature was limited until the release of PDF/UA in 2012.
Many products support the creation and reading of PDF files, such as Adobe Acrobat, PDFCreator and OpenOffice.org, and some programming libraries such as iText and FOP. Third party viewers such as xpdf and Nitro PDF are also available. Mac OS X has built-in PDF support, both for creation as part of a printing system and for display using the built-in Preview app.
PDF files are supported by almost all modern e-book readers, tablets and smartphones. However, repetition of PDFs based on Tagged PDF, as opposed to re-flow based on the actual sequence of objects in the content stream, is not yet generally supported on mobile devices. Such a Reverse Option option is usually found under the "View" option, and can be called "wrap-word".
Plain text file
The first e-book in history using plain text format (.txt), provided free by Project Gutenberg community, but the format itself existed before the e-book era. Plain text formats do not support digital rights management options (DRM) or formats (such as different fonts, graphs, or colors), but have excellent portability because it is the simplest of the e-book coding possible because plain text files contain only ASCII or Unicode text (text files with UTF-8 or UTF-16 encoding are also popular for languages ​​other than English). Most operating systems can read ASCII text files (eg Unix, Macintosh, Microsoft Windows, DOS and other systems) and newer operating systems support Unicode text files as well. The only potential problem with the portability of ASCII text files is that the operating systems differ in the final conventions of their preferred lines and their interpretation of values ​​beyond the ASCII range (encoding their characters). Converting files from one to another end-of-line convention is easy with free software. DOS and Windows use CRLF, Unix and OS X Apple using LF, Mac OS up to and including OS 9 using CR. By convention, the lines are often damaged to fit into 80 characters, inheritance from the terminal and older consoles. Alternatively, each paragraph can be a row.
The size in bytes of a text file is just the number of characters, including spaces, and with a new line count for 1 or 2. For example, the Bible, which is approximately 800,000 words, is about 4 MB.
Plucker
Plucker is a free e-book mobile and desktop Open eBook reader app with its own file format and associated software to automatically generate Plucker files from text, PDF, HTML or other document format files, websites or RSS feeds. The format is public and well documented. Free readers are available for all types of desktop computers and many PDAs.
PostScript
PostScript is a page description language used in the field of electronic publishing and desktop to determine the contents and layout of printed pages, which can be used by the rendering program to assemble and create an actual output bitmap. Many office printers directly support PostScript interpreting and printing the results. As a result, this format also sees widespread use in the Unix world.
RTF
Rich Text Format is a document file format supported by many ebook readers. The advantage as an ebook format is that it is widely supported, and it can be repeated again. This can be easily edited. It can be easily converted to another ebook format, increasing its support.
SSReader
Digital book format used by popular digital library company ??????? in China. It is a raster image compression and proprietary binding format, with OCR plug-in module reading time. The company scanned a large number of Chinese books in the National Library of China and this became the main stock of their services. Detail format not published. There are also several other commercial e-book formats used in Chinese digital libraries.
Text Encoding Initiative
TEI Lite is the most popular of TEI-based electronic text formats (and thus XML-based or SGML).
TomeRaider
The TomeRaider e-book format is a proprietary format. There is a TomeRaider version for Windows, Windows Mobile (aka Pocket PC), Palm, Symbian and iPhone. Some Wikipedias are available as TomeRaider files with all the full articles, some even with almost any image. TomeRaider3 e-book reader capabilities vary across platforms: Windows and Windows Mobile editions support full HTML and CSS. Palm Edition supports limited HTML (e.g., No tables, no fonts), and CSS support does not exist. For Symbian there is only the older TomeRaider2 format, which does not create images or offer category search facilities. Apart from these differences, each TomeRaider e-book is accessible on all supported platforms. The Tomeraider site claims to have over 4000 e-books available, including free versions of Internet Movie Database and Wikipedia.
Open XML Paper Specification
Open XML Paper Specification (also referred to as OpenXPS ) is an open specification for page description language and fixed document format. Microsoft developed it as the XML Paper Specification (XPS). In June 2009, Ecma International adopted it as an international standard ECMA-388 .
This format is deliberately limited to the order: Glyphs (a fixed text run), Paths (geometry that can be filled, or stroked, by brushes), and Brushes (description of shaped brush used in render path).
This reduces the likelihood of accidental introduction of malicious content and simplifies the application of compatible renderers.
Maps Comparison of e-book formats
Comparison table
Features
Supporting platforms
See also
- E-book reader comparison
- Comparison of Android e-book reader software - including e-book reader software for Android devices
- Comparison of iOS e-book reader software - including e-book reader software for iOS devices
References
- General information
- Foot Records
External links
- ebook reader article in Mobile Read the Wiki
- Daisy 3: Standards for Accessible Multimedia Books
- E-Book Buyer's Guide for Privacy
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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