Trimethylamine ( TMA ) is an organic compound of formula N (CH 3 ) 3 . This colorless, hygroscopic, and flammable tertiary amine has a strong "fishy" odor in low concentrations and smells like ammonia at higher concentrations. This is a gas at room temperature but is usually solid in pressurized gas cylinders or as a 40% solution in water. TMA is a nitrogen base and can be easily protonated to provide a trimethylammonium cation. Trimethylammonium chloride is a hygroscopic colored solid made from hydrochloric acid. Trimethylamine is a good nucleophile, and this reaction is the basis of most of its applications.
Trimethylamine is a product of the decomposition of plants and animals. In humans, it is synthesized exclusively by intestinal microbiota from nutrients such as choline and carnitine. High levels of trimethylamine are associated with the development of fish odor syndrome, arising from the stench of foul smells. TMA is a substance that is primarily responsible for the odors often associated with rotten fish, some infections, bad breath and could be the cause of vaginal odor due to bacterial vaginosis. It is also associated with taking large doses of choline and carnitine.
In 2013, trimethylamine is identified as a powerful agonist of human TAAR5, an amine-related receptor expressed in the olfactory epithelium and acting as a olfactory receptor for tertiary amines. One or more additional odor receptors seem to be involved in the smell of trimethylamine in humans as well.
Video Trimethylamine
Production
Trimethylamine is made by the reaction of ammonia and methanol using a catalyst:
- 3 CH 3 OH NH 3 -> (CH 3 ) 3 N 3 H 2 O
This reaction produces another methylamine, dimethylamine (CH 3 ) 2 NH and methylamine 3 NH 2 .
Trimetilamina juga telah disiapkan oleh reaksi amonium klorida dan paraformaldehid, sesuai dengan persamaan berikut: Maps Trimethylamine
Aplikasi
Trimethylamine is used in the synthesis of choline, tetramethylammonium hydroxide, plant growth regulators or herbicides, very basic anion exchange resins, dyestuffs and some basic dyes. The gas sensor to test the freshness of the fish detects trimethylamine.
Trimethylaminuria
Trimethylaminuria is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder involving defects in the function or expression of flavin-containing monooxygenase 3 (FMO3) which results in poor metabolism of trimethylamine. Individuals with trimethylaminuria develop a distinctive fish odor - the smell of trimethylamine - in sweat, urine, and breath after consumption of choline rich foods. Conditions similar to trimethylaminuria have also been observed in certain types of Rhode Island Red chickens that produce eggs with a fishy odor, especially after eating foods containing a high proportion of rapeseed.
See also
- Amonia, NH 3
- Ammonium, NH 4
- Methylamin, (CH 3 ) NH 2
- Triethylamine (TEA)
References
External links
- Molecule of the Month: Trimethylamine
- NIST Web Book data
- CDC - NIOSH A Pocket Guide for Chemical Hazards
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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